{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207592016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","title":"Adaptive NLI-Driven Claim Verification with Statistical Decision Modeling for Low-Latency Hallucination Reduction in Large Language Models","display_name":"Adaptive NLI-Driven Claim Verification with Statistical Decision Modeling for Low-Latency Hallucination Reduction in Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207592016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42695570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3791/72636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199738284","display_name":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","issn_l":"1940-087X","issn":["1940-087X","2834-8400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320416","host_organization_name":"MyJOVE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320416"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["MyJOVE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039668480","display_name":"Subasish Mohapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-7955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-7955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600923","display_name":"Odisha University of Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/031jmyr19","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subasish Mohapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102795345","display_name":"Biswajeet Dash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8725-2669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8725-2669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600923","display_name":"Odisha University of Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/031jmyr19","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biswajeet Dash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research; dashbiswajeet420@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research; dashbiswajeet420@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032712991","display_name":"Subhadarshini Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-4941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-4941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600923","display_name":"Odisha University of Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/031jmyr19","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhadarshini Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University","School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), VIT-AP University","School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), VIT-AP University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058396473","display_name":"Sachi Nandan Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-0797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-0797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600923","display_name":"Odisha University of Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/031jmyr19","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachi Nandan Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University","School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), VIT-AP University","School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), VIT-AP University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Odisha University of Technology and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059865779","display_name":"Mu\u2019azu Jibrin Musa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-6878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-6878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muazu Jibrin Musa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71984947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"235","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-mitigation","display_name":"hallucination mitigation","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/claim-verification","display_name":"claim verification","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-inference","display_name":"natural language inference","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truthfulqa","display_name":"TruthfulQA","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fever","display_name":"fever","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factual-accuracy","display_name":"factual accuracy","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-latency","display_name":"inference latency","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94361409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882500","display_name":"Uncertainty reduction theory","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006212","descriptor_name":"Hallucinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3791/72636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199738284","display_name":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","issn_l":"1940-087X","issn":["1940-087X","2834-8400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320416","host_organization_name":"MyJOVE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320416"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["MyJOVE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42695570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42695570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1,119],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"exhibit":[4],"a":[5,17,58,79,202,236],"critical":[6],"tendency":[7],"to":[8,142,166,197],"generate":[9],"factually":[10],"incorrect":[11],"yet":[12],"linguistically":[13],"fluent":[14],"outputs":[15],"-":[16,21,127,141,201,206],"phenomenon":[18],"termed":[19],"hallucination":[20,193,225],"which":[22],"poses":[23],"serious":[24],"risks":[25],"in":[26,52,224],"precision-critical":[27],"applications.":[28],"Existing":[29],"mitigation":[30],"strategies,":[31],"including":[32],"retrieval-augmented":[33],"generation":[34,103],"and":[35,72,93,111,121,187,219,222,242,254],"self-consistency":[36],"sampling,":[37],"either":[38],"introduce":[39],"substantial":[40],"inference":[41],"latency":[42,214,244],"or":[43],"depend":[44],"on":[45,154,185,199,245],"external":[46],"knowledge":[47],"infrastructure,":[48],"limiting":[49],"their":[50],"applicability":[51],"real-time":[53],"deployments.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"lightweight":[59],"two-step":[60],"claim":[61,77],"verification":[62,164],"framework":[63,160,190,233],"that":[64,152,231],"decomposes":[65],"LLM":[66,218],"responses":[67],"into":[68],"atomic":[69],"factual":[70,87,105,240],"claims":[71],"independently":[73],"verifies":[74],"each":[75,171],"extracted":[76],"against":[78],"separately":[80],"generated":[81],"reference":[82],"produced":[83],"through":[84],"an":[85,123],"isolated":[86],"recall":[88,106],"prompt.":[89],"Although":[90],"the":[91,96,136,158,167,177,189,192,216,232,246],"generator":[92],"verifier":[94],"share":[95],"same":[97],"underlying":[98],"language":[99],"model,":[100],"separating":[101],"response":[102,109,243],"from":[104,195],"reduces":[107,191],"direct":[108],"conditioning":[110],"mitigates":[112],"confirmation":[113],"bias":[114],"during":[115],"verification,":[116],"using":[117],"Natural":[118],"Inference,":[120],"applies":[122],"adaptive":[124],"statistical":[125],"threshold":[126,165],"defined":[128],"as":[129],"\u03c4":[130],"=":[131],"\u00b5":[132],"+":[133],"k\u03c3":[134],"over":[135,215],"NLI":[137],"confidence":[138,168],"score":[139],"distribution":[140,169],"selectively":[143],"correct":[144],"only":[145,209],"contradicted":[146],"claims.":[147],"Unlike":[148],"prior":[149],"NLI-based":[150],"methods":[151],"rely":[153],"fixed":[155],"decision":[156],"boundaries,":[157],"proposed":[159],"dynamically":[161],"adapts":[162],"its":[163],"of":[170,212],"response,":[172],"showing":[173],"consistent":[174],"performance":[175],"across":[176,252],"evaluated":[178,247],"benchmarks":[179],"without":[180],"requiring":[181],"model":[182],"retraining.":[183],"Evaluated":[184],"TruthfulQA":[186,200],"FEVER,":[188],"rate":[194],"28%":[196],"9%":[198],"67.9%":[203],"relative":[204],"reduction":[205],"while":[207,249],"incurring":[208],"160":[210],"ms":[211],"additional":[213],"baseline":[217],"outperforming":[220],"SelfCheckGPT":[221],"FActScore":[223],"detection":[226],"accuracy.":[227],"These":[228],"results":[229],"indicate":[230],"can":[234],"provide":[235],"favorable":[237],"balance":[238],"between":[239],"reliability":[241],"benchmarks,":[248],"further":[250],"validation":[251],"domains":[253],"deployment":[255],"settings":[256],"is":[257],"needed.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}