{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207588015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","title":"Beyond the Outpatient Clinic: High-Risk Clinical Exposure and Employment Inequities Among Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses in T\u00fcrkiye","display_name":"Beyond the Outpatient Clinic: High-Risk Clinical Exposure and Employment Inequities Among Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses in T\u00fcrkiye","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207588015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407057609","display_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","issn_l":"3149-8302","issn":["3149-8302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016036623","display_name":"Bur\u00e7in Irmak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-1872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-1872"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bur\u00e7in Irmak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-1872","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149806916","display_name":"Serap Y\u0131lmazt\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4974-8412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4974-8412"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serap Y\u0131lmazt\u00fcrk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4974-8412","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025846854","display_name":"\u015eenay G\u00fcl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-5760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-5760"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u015eenay G\u00fcl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-5760","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078746740","display_name":"Ayi\u015fe Karada\u011f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-1647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-1647"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayi\u015fe Karada\u011f","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-1647","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064183576","display_name":"Zehra G\u00f6\u00e7men Baykara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-6653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-6653"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehra G\u00f6\u00e7men Baykara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-6653","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61966551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"52","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11816","display_name":"Nursing Roles and Practices","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.04699999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wound-ostomy-and-continence-nursing","display_name":"wound, ostomy and continence nursing","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-risk","display_name":"infection risk","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-benefits","display_name":"employee benefits","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"intensive care unit","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palliative-care","display_name":"palliative care","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"workload","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-certification","display_name":"nursing certification","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-satisfaction","display_name":"nursing satisfaction","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-health-and-safety","display_name":"occupational health and safety","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-pay","display_name":"nursing pay","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-retention","display_name":"nurse retention","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7918000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994186709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29483","display_name":"Palliative care","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019644165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing staff","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987845665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072363","display_name":"Occupational exposure","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779396721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184466","display_name":"Workers' compensation","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407057609","display_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","issn_l":"3149-8302","issn":["3149-8302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36519/iswm.2026.1196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407057609","display_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","issn_l":"3149-8302","issn":["3149-8302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Scope of Wound Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W883435094","https://openalex.org/W2156203237","https://openalex.org/W4308339820","https://openalex.org/W2388959032","https://openalex.org/W7203778793","https://openalex.org/W2186180770","https://openalex.org/W2378854965","https://openalex.org/W2785215393","https://openalex.org/W4313436714","https://openalex.org/W3081917527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Wound,":[1],"Ostomy":[2],"and":[3,19,35,64,111,120,182,202,245,290,310,353],"Continence":[4],"Nurses":[5],"(WOCNs)":[6],"frequently":[7,193,301],"provide":[8],"bedside":[9],"care":[10,17,173,184,209,281,292,317],"across":[11],"multiple":[12],"hospital":[13],"settings,":[14,60],"including":[15],"intensive":[16,172,280],"units":[18,102,174,282],"other":[20],"high-risk":[21,48,58,100,167,211,275,319],"clinical":[22,59,101,168,276],"environments.":[23],"However,":[24],"despite":[25],"these":[26,116,226,334],"responsibilities,":[27],"many":[28],"are":[29],"administratively":[30],"classified":[31],"as":[32,148,256],"outpatient":[33],"nurses":[34],"may":[36],"not":[37,215,323],"receive":[38],"the":[39,104,159,217,267,325],"employment":[40,66],"benefits":[41,67],"available":[42,220,328],"to":[43,47,53,126,221,225,234,243,329,333,342,351],"staff":[44,222,330],"formally":[45],"assigned":[46,224,332],"units.":[49,227,335],"This":[50],"study":[51,74],"aimed":[52],"describe":[54],"WOCNs'":[55],"involvement":[56],"in":[57,68,81,99,115,166,171,210,274,279,318],"their":[61,65,248,356],"occupational":[62,107,195,303],"exposures,":[63,108],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[69,86],"Methods:":[70],"A":[71],"descriptive":[72,134],"cross-sectional":[73],"was":[75],"conducted":[76],"among":[77],"100":[78],"WOCNs":[79,149,162,206,257,270,314],"working":[80,114],"seven":[82],"geographical":[83],"regions":[84],"of":[85,113,153,250,261,358],"Data":[87],"were":[88,123,131,139,197,305],"collected":[89],"through":[90],"an":[91],"online":[92],"questionnaire":[93],"assessing":[94],"demographic":[95],"characteristics,":[96],"time":[97,165,273],"spent":[98,163,271],"during":[103],"previous":[105,160,268],"month,":[106,161,269],"compensation":[109,219,327],"status,":[110],"perceptions":[112],"settings.":[117],"Ethical":[118],"approval":[119],"institutional":[121],"permission":[122],"obtained":[124],"prior":[125],"data":[127,130],"collection.":[128],"Quantitative":[129],"analyzed":[132],"using":[133,141],"statistics,":[135],"while":[136],"qualitative":[137],"responses":[138],"examined":[140],"content":[142],"analysis.":[143],"Results:":[144],"Participants":[145,253],"had":[146,254],"worked":[147,255],"for":[150,258],"a":[151,259],"mean":[152,260],"4.67":[154,262],"\u00b1":[155,263],"4.75":[156,264],"years.":[157,265],"During":[158,266],"substantial":[164,272],"environments,":[169,277],"particularly":[170,278],"(median":[175,186,283,294],"40":[176,284],"[interquartile":[177,285],"range":[178,286],"(IQR),":[179,287],"10\u201380]":[180,288],"hours),":[181,289],"palliative":[183,291],"centers":[185,293],"5":[187,295],"[IQR,":[188,296],"0\u201338.5]":[189,297],"hours).":[190,298],"The":[191,299],"most":[192,300],"reported":[194,214,302,322],"exposures":[196,304],"blood":[198,306],"(93%),":[199,307],"feces":[200,308],"(89%),":[201,309],"urine":[203,311],"(83%).":[204,312],"Although":[205,313],"regularly":[207,315],"provided":[208,316],"units,":[212,320],"76.0%":[213,321],"receiving":[216,324],"additional":[218,326],"officially":[223,331],"Qualitative":[228,336],"findings":[229,337],"revealed":[230,338],"perceived":[231,339],"inequities":[232,340],"related":[233,341],"compensation,":[235,343],"high":[236,344],"infection":[237,345],"exposure":[238,346],"risk,":[239,347],"excessive":[240,348],"workload,":[241,349],"barriers":[242,350],"certification,":[244,352],"assignments":[246,354],"outside":[247,355],"area":[249,357],"expertise.":[251,359],"Conclusion:":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
