{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7206217106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","title":"Certified large language model-based diagnostic decision support in rheumatology: the ALLIANCE multicentre randomised controlled trial","display_name":"Certified large language model-based diagnostic decision support in rheumatology: the ALLIANCE multicentre randomised controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7206217106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/02/2026.08.29.26361715.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/02/2026.08.29.26361715.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085779260","display_name":"Phillip Kremer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9897-2302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9897-2302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Kremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035002326","display_name":"Nadine Schlicker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-3081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-3081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Schlicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149180614","display_name":"Ragip Hasnaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088053","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/0030f2a11","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragip Hasnaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119216845","display_name":"Jonathan Bamberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2160-6418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2160-6418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Bamberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120536985","display_name":"Thorben Witte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-6759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-6759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107844","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1h3j07","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107844","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738228","display_name":"Stiftung Charit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/016rf0n60","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738228","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorben Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738228","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014910629","display_name":"Isabell Haase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-6838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-6838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabell Haase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133328766","display_name":"Andreas Mayr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Mayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102905225","display_name":"Carsten Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-2021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-2021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157574","display_name":"Klinikum Fulda","ror":"https://ror.org/04jmqe852","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany","Medical Clinic II, Hospital Fulda, Fulda, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Clinic II, Hospital Fulda, Fulda, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030802221","display_name":"Nina \u00d8ster\u00e5s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-342X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-342X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117451","display_name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jvh3a15","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117451"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Osteras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064220409","display_name":"Xenofon Baraliakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091869","display_name":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet","ror":"https://ror.org/00e03sj10","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210088550","https://openalex.org/I4210091869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xenofon Baraliakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091869","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133352084","display_name":"Sebastian Kuhn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-2973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-2973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012696747","display_name":"Martin Krusche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-7790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-7790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Krusche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section for Rheumatology and systemic inflammatory disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081745118","display_name":"Johannes Knitza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-0657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-0657","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9192-4026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Knitza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-0657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, School of Medicine, Institute for Digital Medicine, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081745118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatology-diagnosis","display_name":"rheumatology diagnosis","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overreliance-on-ai","display_name":"overreliance on AI","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-processing-time","display_name":"case processing time","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-reasoning","display_name":"diagnostic reasoning","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-presentation","display_name":"rare presentation","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51110983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16503490","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","level":2,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6841999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198451711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327657","display_name":"Rheumatology","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61863361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470749","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780033181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24962805","display_name":"Decision aids","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/02/2026.08.29.26361715.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.29.26361715","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/02/2026.08.29.26361715.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3325143442","display_name":"Stratification of Patients using advanced Integrative modeling of Data Routinely acquired for diagnosing Rheumatic complaints","funder_award_id":"101080711","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7206217106.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7206217106.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970978114","https://openalex.org/W1972825759","https://openalex.org/W2009184733","https://openalex.org/W2055046836","https://openalex.org/W2074706689","https://openalex.org/W2122713375","https://openalex.org/W2170510658","https://openalex.org/W2944015619","https://openalex.org/W3180465190","https://openalex.org/W3198273808","https://openalex.org/W4304003161","https://openalex.org/W4309176787","https://openalex.org/W4385281466","https://openalex.org/W4386998832","https://openalex.org/W4396832313","https://openalex.org/W4400915433","https://openalex.org/W4402504458","https://openalex.org/W4403813762","https://openalex.org/W4403839497","https://openalex.org/W4404389106","https://openalex.org/W4408155297","https://openalex.org/W4409283616","https://openalex.org/W4410460999","https://openalex.org/W4412644624","https://openalex.org/W4413186556","https://openalex.org/W4416094230","https://openalex.org/W4417290754","https://openalex.org/W7119716229","https://openalex.org/W7133358136","https://openalex.org/W7138105710","https://openalex.org/W7139120435","https://openalex.org/W7140171848","https://openalex.org/W7148630051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140171848","https://openalex.org/W4411723696","https://openalex.org/W4410460999","https://openalex.org/W7119716229","https://openalex.org/W7158616730","https://openalex.org/W7166345805","https://openalex.org/W7204884325","https://openalex.org/W4403813762","https://openalex.org/W7212056842","https://openalex.org/W7170293583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objectives":[1],"To":[2],"evaluate":[3,303],"whether":[4],"access":[5],"to":[6,48,95,104,122,158,302,313,348,422,438],"a":[7,315,356],"certified":[8,284,317,328,357],"large":[9],"language":[10,255],"model":[11],"(LLM)-based":[12],"clinical":[13,319,325,330,359,416,434,443],"decision":[14,262,277,306,320,331,360,394,444],"support":[15,87,145,166,189,207,263,307,321,332,361,381,395,403,445],"system":[16,322,333,362],"improves":[17],"physician":[18],"diagnostic":[19,26,50,73,80,129,165,188,193,261,276,305,338,393,413],"performance":[20,268],"in":[21,42,97,106,114,126,172,239,269,280,308,323,351,446],"rheumatology":[22,62,240,281,309],"compared":[23,195,340],"with":[24,110,143,196,247,341,365],"conventional":[25,49,56,197,342,373],"resources":[27,51,57,343,374],"alone.":[28,58],"Methods":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"multicentre,":[32],"open-label,":[33],"randomised":[34,46,299],"controlled":[35,300],"trial,":[36],"82":[37],"physicians":[38],"from":[39,93,102],"seven":[40],"hospitals":[41],"two":[43],"countries":[44],"were":[45,133,168],"1:1":[47],"plus":[52],"Prof.":[53],"Valmed":[54],"or":[55],"Participants":[59],"assessed":[60],"three":[61],"vignettes":[63],"before":[64],"and":[65,85,101,131,163,181,204,218,236,250,264,282,310,405,426],"after":[66],"assistance.":[67],"The":[68,293],"primary":[69],"outcome":[70],"was":[71,140,363],"top-1":[72,337,412],"accuracy.":[74,414],"Secondary":[75],"outcomes":[76],"included":[77],"top-3":[78,127],"accuracy,":[79,128],"reasoning,":[81],"confidence,":[82],"case-processing":[83,138,202,370],"time":[84,139,203,371],"perceived":[86,164,206,380],"quality.":[88,208,382],"Results":[89],"Top-1":[90],"accuracy":[91,194,339],"increased":[92],"22.2%":[94],"33.3%":[96],"the":[98,107,173,297,311,368,440],"intervention":[99,174],"group":[100],"23.3%":[103],"35.0%":[105],"control":[108],"group,":[109],"no":[111],"between-group":[112],"difference":[113,152],"improvement":[115],"(adjusted":[116],"OR":[117,390],"0.99,":[118],"95%":[119,155],"CI":[120,156],"0.45":[121],"2.19;":[123],"p=0.979).":[124],"Differences":[125],"reasoning":[130],"confidence":[132],"also":[134],"not":[135,191,335],"significant.":[136],"Assisted":[137],"substantially":[141,200],"shorter":[142],"LLM":[144],"(94":[146],"vs":[147],"206":[148],"s;":[149],"adjusted":[150],"mean":[151],"\u2212112":[153],"s,":[154],"\u2212141":[157],"\u221283;":[159],"p<0.001).":[160],"Information":[161],"timeliness":[162],"quality":[167],"rated":[169],"significantly":[170],"higher":[171,379],"group.":[175],"Exploratory":[176],"analyses":[177],"showed":[178],"persistent":[179],"overconfidence":[180,217],"substantial":[182],"AI":[183],"over-reliance.":[184],"Conclusions":[185],"Certified":[186],"LLM-based":[187,285,318,329,358,392],"did":[190,334],"improve":[192,336],"resources,":[198],"but":[199],"reduced":[201],"improved":[205],"These":[209],"findings":[210],"suggest":[211],"potential":[212],"workflow":[213],"benefits":[214],"while":[215],"highlighting":[216],"over-reliance":[219],"as":[220,345,376,378],"important":[221],"safety":[222],"considerations.":[223],"Trial":[224],"registration":[225],"number":[226],"NCT07166692":[227],"WHAT":[228,289],"IS":[229],"ALREADY":[230],"KNOWN":[231],"ON":[232],"THIS":[233,290,384],"TOPIC":[234],"Accurate":[235],"timely":[237],"diagnosis":[238],"is":[241,287,296],"challenging":[242],"because":[243],"workforce":[244],"shortages":[245],"coincide":[246],"non-specific,":[248],"complex":[249],"often":[251],"rare":[252],"presentations.":[253],"Large":[254],"models":[256],"are":[257,436],"increasingly":[258],"used":[259],"for":[260,274,283,400],"have":[265],"shown":[266],"strong":[267],"benchmarking":[270],"studies.":[271],"Randomised":[272],"evidence":[273],"physician-facing":[275,304],"support,":[278],"particularly":[279],"systems,":[286],"lacking.":[288],"STUDY":[291,385],"ADDS":[292],"ALLIANCE":[294],"trial":[295,301],"first":[298,312],"assess":[314],"medically":[316],"any":[324],"specialty.":[326],"A":[327],"alone,":[344,375],"assistance":[346],"led":[347],"similar":[349],"gains":[350],"both":[352],"groups.":[353],"Use":[354],"of":[355,372,442],"associated":[364],"approximately":[366],"half":[367],"assisted":[369],"well":[377],"HOW":[383],"MIGHT":[386],"AFFECT":[387],"RESEARCH,":[388],"PRACTICE":[389],"POLICY":[391],"may":[396],"be":[397],"most":[398],"useful":[399],"improving":[401],"efficiency,":[402],"quality,":[404],"broadening":[406],"differential":[407],"diagnoses":[408],"rather":[409],"than":[410],"increasing":[411],"Safe":[415],"implementation":[417],"will":[418],"require":[419],"careful":[420],"attention":[421],"overconfidence,":[423],"over-reliance,":[424],"transparency,":[425],"trust.":[427],"Further":[428],"robust":[429],"trials,":[430],"ideally":[431],"under":[432],"real-world":[433],"conditions,":[435],"needed":[437],"define":[439],"role":[441],"routine":[447],"care.":[448]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-03T00:00:00"}
