{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7205013264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","title":"Institutional barriers to inclusive transformation in South Africa\u2019s tour guiding sector","display_name":"Institutional barriers to inclusive transformation in South Africa\u2019s tour guiding sector","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7205013264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229328","display_name":"African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure","issn_l":"2223-814X","issn":["2223-814X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315325","host_organization_name":"AfricaJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AfricaJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029848575","display_name":"Refiloe Julia Lekgau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-7592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-7592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Refiloe Lekgau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033761419","display_name":"Vyasha Harilal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vyasha Harilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":192},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":192},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65670831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"734","last_page":"734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.7041000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.7041000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.16439999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14219","display_name":"Local Economic Development and Planning","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-barriers","display_name":"institutional barriers","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-transformation","display_name":"inclusive transformation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/previously-disadvantaged-communities","display_name":"previously disadvantaged communities","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-entry","display_name":"career entry","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.9039000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6851000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985709280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730099","display_name":"Institutional change","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55004796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163938","display_name":"Barriers to entry","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430460","display_name":"Capability approach","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992362411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourist industry","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780690664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19602103","display_name":"Economic transformation","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229328","display_name":"African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure","issn_l":"2223-814X","issn":["2223-814X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315325","host_organization_name":"AfricaJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AfricaJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229328","display_name":"African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure","issn_l":"2223-814X","issn":["2223-814X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315325","host_organization_name":"AfricaJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AfricaJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040004009","https://openalex.org/W2119931196","https://openalex.org/W2185899372","https://openalex.org/W2312386287","https://openalex.org/W2516482484","https://openalex.org/W2589028284","https://openalex.org/W2801735808","https://openalex.org/W2900228506","https://openalex.org/W2976832674","https://openalex.org/W3090856196","https://openalex.org/W3093972832","https://openalex.org/W3113567501","https://openalex.org/W3116074723","https://openalex.org/W3135509666","https://openalex.org/W3156623225","https://openalex.org/W3212288914","https://openalex.org/W4206548134","https://openalex.org/W4241727469","https://openalex.org/W4283019109","https://openalex.org/W4309681539","https://openalex.org/W4318666038","https://openalex.org/W4378714814","https://openalex.org/W4385065404","https://openalex.org/W4386442170","https://openalex.org/W4399475876","https://openalex.org/W4400575994","https://openalex.org/W4406147610","https://openalex.org/W4407525408","https://openalex.org/W4407963252","https://openalex.org/W4409465284","https://openalex.org/W4412694660","https://openalex.org/W4413743849","https://openalex.org/W7111358135","https://openalex.org/W7154828842","https://openalex.org/W7166294011","https://openalex.org/W7166295965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413743849","https://openalex.org/W7111358135","https://openalex.org/W6948228492","https://openalex.org/W4378714814","https://openalex.org/W2976832674","https://openalex.org/W2040004009","https://openalex.org/W2090027509","https://openalex.org/W4409465284","https://openalex.org/W7064253973","https://openalex.org/W2470613037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,9,18,40,60,64,70,103,123,127,152,163],"institutional":[4,61,116],"barriers":[5,74,88],"to":[6,53,79,120,143],"transformation":[7,156],"in":[8,91,147,162],"tour":[10,57,96,128],"guiding":[11,58,63,97,129],"subsector":[12],"of":[13,22,69,107,126,136],"South":[14],"Africa,":[15],"focusing":[16],"on":[17,27],"entry":[19,144],"and":[20,50,66,81,105,145],"growth":[21],"previously":[23,76],"disadvantaged":[24,77,138],"communities.":[25],"Drawing":[26],"in-depth":[28],"interviews":[29],"with":[30],"key":[31],"governing":[32],"authorities":[33],"as":[34,36,83,100,102,131,133],"well":[35,101,132],"leading":[37],"industry":[38],"associations,":[39],"findings":[41],"highlight":[42],"that":[43,113],"while":[44,114],"there":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"several":[48],"policy":[49],"structural":[51],"efforts":[52],"foster":[54],"a":[55],"transformed":[56],"sector,":[59],"structures":[62],"operations":[65],"career":[67,149],"progression":[68,146],"sector":[71,130],"present":[72],"substantial":[73],"for":[75],"communities":[78,139],"enter":[80],"grow":[82],"tourist":[84,108],"guides.":[85,109],"Specifically,":[86],"these":[87,115,159],"were":[89,118],"found":[90,112],"tertiary":[92],"(and":[93],"post)":[94],"training,":[95],"qualification":[98],"framework":[99],"registration":[104],"renewal":[106],"The":[110],"study":[111,153],"points":[117,161],"positioned":[119],"drive":[121],"transformation,":[122],"implementation,":[124],"realities":[125,135],"economic":[134],"previous":[137],"poses":[140],"challenges":[141],"related":[142],"this":[148],"path.":[150],"Overall,":[151],"posits":[154],"meaningful":[155],"necessitates":[157],"addressing":[158],"strategic":[160],"sector.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
