{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7205009907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","title":"Human stewardship in the age of organoids","display_name":"Human stewardship in the age of organoids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7205009907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687014","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13596130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127827428","display_name":"Nature Methods","issn_l":"1548-7091","issn":["1548-7091","1548-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13596130/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013498569","display_name":"Pradipta Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pradipta Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","UC San Diego HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, San Diego, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","UC San Diego-LifeShare Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, San Diego, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego-LifeShare Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA. prghosh@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072844077","display_name":"Sara Gianella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-0849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-0849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Gianella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA","UC San Diego Last Gift Program, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego Last Gift Program, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012363290","display_name":"Courtney Tindle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8356-9707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8356-9707"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Courtney Tindle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","UC San Diego HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028152156","display_name":"Karine Dub\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-1539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-1539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karine Dub\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA. kdube@health.ucsd.edu","UC San Diego Last Gift Program, La Jolla, CA, USA. kdube@health.ucsd.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-1539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA. kdube@health.ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego Last Gift Program, La Jolla, CA, USA. kdube@health.ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013498569","https://openalex.org/A5028152156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organoids","display_name":"organoids","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-stewardship","display_name":"ethical stewardship","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-origins","display_name":"human origins","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-review","display_name":"ethical review","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777950569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021836","display_name":"Stewardship (theology)","level":3,"score":0.8317000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27070331","display_name":"Honor","level":2,"score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11293125","display_name":"Organoid","level":2,"score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107459253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925","display_name":"Induced pluripotent stem cell","level":4,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982832299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264892","display_name":"Social justice","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-026-03228-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127827428","display_name":"Nature Methods","issn_l":"1548-7091","issn":["1548-7091","1548-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42687014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature methods","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13596130","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13596130/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Methods","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13596130","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13596130/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Methods","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2123156317","display_name":"Macrophage Polarization in Response to Infections and Inflammation","funder_award_id":"R01AI155696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5004110594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-HD114758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5052701061","display_name":"Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Heterotrimeric G proteins: Implications of Gastrointestinal Inflammation","funder_award_id":"R01AI141630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6325878796","display_name":"Revealing Reservoirs during Rebound (R3)","funder_award_id":"P01AI131385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7803089438","display_name":"Integrators of Metastatic Potential","funder_award_id":"R01CA238042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000856229","display_name":"MiMA: Mother-infant Metabolite-transporter Atlas","funder_award_id":"R01HD114758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000861954","display_name":"Leaving, Coming, and Staying HIV Obligate Microenvironments (HOME)","funder_award_id":"P01AI169609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000866212","display_name":"San Diego Center for AIDS Research (SD CFAR)","funder_award_id":"P30AI036214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000872107","display_name":"Penn Mental Health AIDS Research Center","funder_award_id":"P30MH097488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000876879","display_name":"BEAT-HIV: Delaney Collaboratory to Cure HIV-1 Infection by Combination Immunotherapy","funder_award_id":"UM1AI164570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044928246","https://openalex.org/W2429685958","https://openalex.org/W2441337908","https://openalex.org/W2576832945","https://openalex.org/W2605037415","https://openalex.org/W2793444251","https://openalex.org/W2810118942","https://openalex.org/W3003406525","https://openalex.org/W3039608703","https://openalex.org/W3149466650","https://openalex.org/W4315927809","https://openalex.org/W4378220131","https://openalex.org/W4388079620","https://openalex.org/W4408963439","https://openalex.org/W4415970780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286762037","https://openalex.org/W6939553917","https://openalex.org/W2803839430","https://openalex.org/W4200139849","https://openalex.org/W2948126643","https://openalex.org/W2576832945","https://openalex.org/W7117368396","https://openalex.org/W6939704325","https://openalex.org/W6958580554","https://openalex.org/W4246944776"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
