{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7205006099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","title":"Nitrogen-Centric Optimization of Polyamide Chemical Recycling: A Reaction Network Flux Analysis with New Metrics for Nitrogen Atom Economy and Nitrogen Footprint","display_name":"Nitrogen-Centric Optimization of Polyamide Chemical Recycling: A Reaction Network Flux Analysis with New Metrics for Nitrogen Atom Economy and Nitrogen Footprint","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7205006099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149074971","display_name":"Huiting Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiting Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aachener Verfahrenstechnik (AVT.PT)","RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aachener Verfahrenstechnik (AVT.PT)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5149074971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.3140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyamide-6","display_name":"polyamide 6","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyamide-66","display_name":"polyamide 66","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-recycling","display_name":"chemical recycling","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depolymerization","display_name":"depolymerization","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-footprint","display_name":"nitrogen footprint","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-mass-balance","display_name":"nitrogen mass balance","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caprolactam","display_name":"caprolactam","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-aminocaproic-acid","display_name":"6-aminocaproic acid","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-upcycling","display_name":"polymer upcycling","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.7454000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190399342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145273","display_name":"Polyamide","level":2,"score":0.7044000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993420144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen atom","level":3,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49852136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906487","display_name":"Depolymerization","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988224531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730","display_name":"Network structure","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116119225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7300316","display_name":"Reactive nitrogen","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58312451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817200","display_name":"Atom (system on chip)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179720865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550480","display_name":"Commodity chemicals","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139872579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903758","display_name":"Atom economy","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8101879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175343","display_name":"Nitrogen balance","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008194/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324232","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7205006099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7205006099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384789056","https://openalex.org/W7129006729","https://openalex.org/W4385708941","https://openalex.org/W7155088715","https://openalex.org/W4406872713","https://openalex.org/W4402859289","https://openalex.org/W2991276082","https://openalex.org/W4384700993","https://openalex.org/W7166025415","https://openalex.org/W2514718489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polyamide":[0],"6":[1],"and":[2,39,47,71,110],"66":[3],"(PA6/PA66)":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,51,91,131,137,147,153,175,187],"only":[7],"commodity":[8],"plastics":[9],"with":[10,90],"structural":[11],"nitrogen":[12,20,122,132,172,189],"(12.4":[13],"wt%),":[14],"yet":[15],"chemical":[16],"recycling":[17],"frameworks":[18],"treat":[19],"fate":[21],"as":[22],"an":[23],"uncontrolled":[24],"byproduct.":[25],"We":[26],"extend":[27],"Reaction":[28],"Network":[29],"Flux":[30],"Analysis":[31],"(RNFA)":[32],"to":[33,119,185],"a":[34,163,194],"full":[35],"C-H-O-N":[36],"mass":[37],"balance":[38],"introduce":[40],"two":[41,112],"new":[42],"metrics\u2014Nitrogen":[43],"Atom":[44],"Economy":[45],"(NAE)":[46],"Nitrogen":[48],"Footprint":[49],"(NF)\u2014enabling":[50],"first":[52],"systematic":[53],"nitrogen-centric":[54,80],"optimisation":[55,81],"of":[56,95,136,144,178,196],"PA6/PA66":[57],"depolymerization.":[58],"Across":[59],"795":[60],"NLP":[61],"solves":[62],"(GAMS/BARON)":[63],"spanning":[64],"six":[65,145],"products,":[66,88,146],"five":[67,72,143],"depolymerization":[68],"route":[69],"families,":[70],"objective":[73,99,125],"weight":[74,126],"scenarios,":[75],"three":[76],"findings":[77],"emerge.":[78],"First,":[79],"achieves":[82],"NAE":[83],"=":[84],"87\u2013100%":[85],"across":[86],"all":[87],"compared":[89],"conventional":[92],"unoptimised":[93],"baseline":[94],"\u223c60%.":[96],"Second,":[97],"carbon-only":[98],"functions":[100],"generate":[101],"NF":[102,139],"6\u201362\u00d7":[103],"higher":[104],"than":[105],"nitrogen-inclusive":[106],"weighting;":[107],"for":[108,142,167],"caprolactam":[109],"6-ACA,":[111],"economically":[113],"identical":[114],"routes":[115],"differ":[116],"by":[117,193],"up":[118],"62\u00d7":[120],"in":[121],"footprint.":[123],"Any":[124],"w2":[127],"\u2265":[128],"0.3":[129],"on":[130],"term":[133],"recovers":[134],">90%":[135],"achievable":[138],"reduction.":[140],"Third,":[141],"nitrogen-optimal":[148],"configuration":[149],"is":[150,158],"simultane-":[151],"ously":[152],"economic":[154],"optimum\u2014no":[155],"cost":[156],"penalty":[157],"incurred.":[159],"These":[160],"results":[161],"support":[162],"seventh":[164],"guiding":[165],"principle":[166],"nitrogen-containing":[168],"polymer":[169],"upcycling:":[170],"maximise":[171],"circularity,":[173],"extending":[174],"six-principle":[176],"framework":[177],"Jehanno":[179],"et":[180],"al.":[181],"beyond":[182],"carbon-centric":[183],"assessment":[184],"address":[186],"planetary":[188],"boundary,":[190],"currently":[191],"transgressed":[192],"factor":[195],"\u223c2.4.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}