{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204998639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","title":"Data\u2010Driven Prognostic Framework for Chloride\u2010Induced Corrosion in Aging Concrete Structures: Integrating Minimal Field Data With Mix\u2010Design Inference","display_name":"Data\u2010Driven Prognostic Framework for Chloride\u2010Induced Corrosion in Aging Concrete Structures: Integrating Minimal Field Data With Mix\u2010Design Inference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204998639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/stc/7479965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219247","display_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","issn_l":"1545-2255","issn":["1545-2255","1545-2263"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204998639"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053605814","display_name":"Jiyoung Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-6205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-6205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoung Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-6205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096744524","display_name":"Woldeamanuel Minwuye Mesfin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-6258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-6258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woldeamanuel Minwuye Mesfin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering ,  Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero Dong-gu,  Gwangju 61452 ,  South Korea , chosun.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-6258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering ,  Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero Dong-gu,  Gwangju 61452 ,  South Korea , chosun.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447950","display_name":"Jaehwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-0719","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-0719"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-0719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135105721","display_name":"Ki-Tae Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-3519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-3519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Tae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-3519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Structural Engineering ,  Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology ,  Goyang 10223 ,  South Korea , kict.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045076650","display_name":"Gun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-5808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-5808","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-4818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,  Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Ave,  Singapore 639798 ,  Singapore , ntu.edu.sg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-5808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,  Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Ave,  Singapore 639798 ,  Singapore , ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035956630","display_name":"Hyeong-Ki Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-4818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-4818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Ki Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering ,  Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero Dong-gu,  Gwangju 61452 ,  South Korea , chosun.ac.kr","School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,  Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro Seongbuk-gu,  Seoul 02707 ,  South Korea , kookmin.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-4818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering ,  Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero Dong-gu,  Gwangju 61452 ,  South Korea , chosun.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,  Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro Seongbuk-gu,  Seoul 02707 ,  South Korea , kookmin.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035956630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157","https://openalex.org/I152238500"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-induced-corrosion","display_name":"chloride-induced corrosion","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"reinforced concrete","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-initiation","display_name":"corrosion initiation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depassivation","display_name":"depassivation","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-diffusion-coefficient","display_name":"chloride diffusion coefficient","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fib-model-code-2010","display_name":"fib Model Code 2010","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-inspection","display_name":"non-invasive inspection","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-asset-management","display_name":"infrastructure asset management","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-profiles","display_name":"chloride profiles","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.7930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.5533999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776136241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831627","display_name":"Concrete cover","level":3,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6385141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170558","display_name":"Coring","level":3,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500666722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080293","display_name":"Solid mechanics","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/stc/7479965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219247","display_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","issn_l":"1545-2255","issn":["1545-2255","1545-2263"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/234324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/234324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/stc/7479965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/stc/7479965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219247","display_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","issn_l":"1545-2255","issn":["1545-2255","1545-2263"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Control and Health Monitoring","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2631228022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00401101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G357381123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20025773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/04xt5aa77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1197470521","https://openalex.org/W1503916420","https://openalex.org/W1928512445","https://openalex.org/W1933391452","https://openalex.org/W1975790394","https://openalex.org/W1986646550","https://openalex.org/W1986757197","https://openalex.org/W1998581009","https://openalex.org/W2000672837","https://openalex.org/W2001646428","https://openalex.org/W2002654909","https://openalex.org/W2005263318","https://openalex.org/W2008453581","https://openalex.org/W2009337625","https://openalex.org/W2012383948","https://openalex.org/W2025113556","https://openalex.org/W2037642535","https://openalex.org/W2045124591","https://openalex.org/W2063116079","https://openalex.org/W2067220216","https://openalex.org/W2072674787","https://openalex.org/W2074713642","https://openalex.org/W2092099722","https://openalex.org/W2122127501","https://openalex.org/W2169493183","https://openalex.org/W2204680603","https://openalex.org/W2344705967","https://openalex.org/W2387199142","https://openalex.org/W2394887625","https://openalex.org/W2415065817","https://openalex.org/W2468603784","https://openalex.org/W2514440090","https://openalex.org/W2537838572","https://openalex.org/W2559388006","https://openalex.org/W2576114790","https://openalex.org/W2592011585","https://openalex.org/W2613708002","https://openalex.org/W2781992058","https://openalex.org/W2885484706","https://openalex.org/W2943908909","https://openalex.org/W2977505101","https://openalex.org/W2991829323","https://openalex.org/W3042326158","https://openalex.org/W3157812056","https://openalex.org/W3164835047","https://openalex.org/W3165153815","https://openalex.org/W3193264509","https://openalex.org/W4205375842","https://openalex.org/W4214652365","https://openalex.org/W4224213203","https://openalex.org/W4242387275","https://openalex.org/W4379520811","https://openalex.org/W4387683554","https://openalex.org/W4392570484","https://openalex.org/W4392871931","https://openalex.org/W4400312832","https://openalex.org/W4406999138","https://openalex.org/W4407573444","https://openalex.org/W7128493127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7014625538","https://openalex.org/W2163784243","https://openalex.org/W579864422","https://openalex.org/W2769241397","https://openalex.org/W2329111909","https://openalex.org/W2286861870","https://openalex.org/W4285190927","https://openalex.org/W2155249309","https://openalex.org/W6986607843","https://openalex.org/W7212181496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"evaluation":[1],"of":[2,63,117,169,211,225],"chloride\u2010induced":[3],"corrosion":[4,50,212],"in":[5,77,119,146,173,197],"reinforced":[6],"concrete":[7,136],"(RC)":[8],"structures":[9],"is":[10],"essential":[11],"for":[12,38],"effective":[13],"maintenance,":[14],"yet":[15],"conventional":[16],"diagnostic":[17],"approaches":[18],"require":[19],"full\u2010depth":[20],"coring":[21],"and":[22,29,36,90,124,142,148,154,167,194,217],"laboratory":[23],"testing":[24],"to":[25,85],"determine":[26],"chloride":[27,56,64,105,156,170],"profiles":[28,157],"diffusion":[30,65,96],"coefficients.":[31,66],"These":[32],"procedures":[33],"are":[34],"costly":[35],"invasive":[37,181],"large\u2010scale":[39],"routine":[40],"inspection.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43],"proposes":[44],"a":[45,103],"data\u2010driven":[46],"framework":[47],"that":[48,159,178,205],"enables":[49],"initiation":[51,213],"assessment":[52],"using":[53,135],"only":[54],"surface":[55],"measurements":[57],"combined":[58],"with":[59,73],"machine\u2010learning":[60],"(ML)\u2013based":[61],"estimation":[62],"To":[67],"address":[68],"the":[69,160,165,209,219,226],"large":[70],"uncertainty":[71],"associated":[72],"unknown":[74],"mix":[75],"proportions":[76],"existing":[78],"structures,":[79],"regional":[80],"mix\u2010design":[81],"statistics":[82],"were":[83,99],"incorporated":[84],"constrain":[86],"ML":[87],"model":[88,107],"inputs":[89],"reduce":[91],"prediction":[92],"variability.":[93],"The":[94,175],"resulting":[95],"coefficient":[97],"distributions":[98],"then":[100],"integrated":[101],"into":[102],"probabilistic":[104],"ingress":[106],"based":[108],"on":[109],"fib":[110],"Model":[111],"Code":[112],"2010,":[113],"allowing":[114],"explicit":[115],"propagation":[116],"uncertainties":[118],"material":[120],"properties,":[121],"cover":[122],"depth,":[123],"environmental":[125],"exposure":[126],"through":[127],"Monte":[128],"Carlo":[129],"simulation.":[130],"Field":[131],"validation":[132],"was":[133],"conducted":[134],"cores":[137],"extracted":[138],"from":[139],"roadside":[140],"barriers":[141],"bridge":[143],"components":[144],"located":[145],"inland":[147],"coastal":[149],"environments.":[150],"Comparison":[151],"between":[152],"predicted":[153],"measured":[155],"demonstrated":[158],"proposed":[161],"approach":[162,207],"successfully":[163],"captures":[164],"range":[166],"depth":[168],"penetration":[171],"observed":[172],"practice.":[174],"results":[176],"indicate":[177],"this":[179,206],"minimally":[180],"method":[182],"can":[183],"support":[184],"early\u2010stage":[185],"depassivation":[186,215],"probability":[187],"screening,":[188],"optimize":[189],"locations":[190],"requiring":[191],"detailed":[192],"testing,":[193],"enhance":[195],"decision\u2010making":[196],"infrastructure":[198],"asset":[199],"management.":[200],"It":[201],"should":[202],"be":[203],"noted":[204],"assesses":[208],"risk":[210],"(i.e.,":[214],"onset)":[216],"not":[218],"actual":[220],"condition":[221],"or":[222],"section":[223],"loss":[224],"embedded":[227],"reinforcement.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
