{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204998260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","title":"The Role Of Consumer Dispute Resolution Institutions In Indonesia And Thailand (A Comparative Legal Study On Non-Litigation Mechanisms Of Consumer Protection)","display_name":"The Role Of Consumer Dispute Resolution Institutions In Indonesia And Thailand (A Comparative Legal Study On Non-Litigation Mechanisms Of Consumer Protection)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204998260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","pdf_url":"https://jhss-lppm.unpak.ac.id/index.php/JHSS/article/download/390/255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183966","display_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","issn_l":"2598-117X","issn":["2598-117X","2598-120X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70054679","host_organization_name":"Pakuan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70054679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204998260"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jhss-lppm.unpak.ac.id/index.php/JHSS/article/download/390/255","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148965774","display_name":"Taqwim Syah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139646","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara","ror":"https://ror.org/03ve0eh58","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taqwim Syah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001715584","display_name":"Faisal Riza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-7823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-7823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139646","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara","ror":"https://ror.org/03ve0eh58","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Riza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0641,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94100066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"02","first_page":"990","last_page":"995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13191","display_name":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13191","display_name":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-dispute-resolution","display_name":"consumer dispute resolution","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-protection","display_name":"consumer protection","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-conflict-resolution","display_name":"mediation (conflict resolution)","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conciliation","display_name":"conciliation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitration","display_name":"arbitration","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-dispute-resolution","display_name":"online dispute resolution","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-decisions","display_name":"binding decisions","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-economy","display_name":"digital economy","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-justice","display_name":"access to justice","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131676636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282696","display_name":"Dispute resolution","level":2,"score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162199757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223272","display_name":"Online dispute resolution","level":4,"score":0.6948000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167054989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282693","display_name":"Dispute mechanism","level":4,"score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989499966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664183","display_name":"Consumer protection","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175021301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282692","display_name":"Dispute board","level":5,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20220385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3039961","display_name":"Consumer Bill of Rights","level":3,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438484","display_name":"Alternative dispute resolution","level":3,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175762713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479560","display_name":"Conciliation","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2648051","display_name":"Obligation","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777731549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258606","display_name":"Consumer Protection Act","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018006300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4402708","display_name":"Consumer demand","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779558720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965792","display_name":"Soft law","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","pdf_url":"https://jhss-lppm.unpak.ac.id/index.php/JHSS/article/download/390/255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183966","display_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","issn_l":"2598-117X","issn":["2598-117X","2598-120X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70054679","host_organization_name":"Pakuan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70054679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i02.390","pdf_url":"https://jhss-lppm.unpak.ac.id/index.php/JHSS/article/download/390/255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183966","display_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","issn_l":"2598-117X","issn":["2598-117X","2598-120X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70054679","host_organization_name":"Pakuan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70054679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204998260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204998260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165755011","https://openalex.org/W2911365050","https://openalex.org/W2613697949","https://openalex.org/W4410463114","https://openalex.org/W7216362244","https://openalex.org/W2800252376","https://openalex.org/W3152061417","https://openalex.org/W7116868033","https://openalex.org/W4297882750","https://openalex.org/W4406822281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,188],"study":[1,189],"examines":[2],"the":[3,18,26,29,44,87,98,122,125,132,138,157,177,183,192],"role":[4],"of":[5,28,55,100,124,161,180,185,198,223],"consumer":[6,83,224],"dispute":[7,152,225],"resolution":[8,226],"institutions":[9],"in":[10,174],"Indonesia":[11,81],"and":[12,31,41,60,109,137,147,167,182,195,205,217],"Thailand,":[13,117],"with":[14,39,69,131,164],"particular":[15],"attention":[16],"to":[17,22,114,209,212],"non-litigation":[19],"mechanisms":[20],"available":[21],"protect":[23],"consumers":[24,163],"amid":[25],"expansion":[27],"digital":[30,196],"cross-border":[32],"economy.":[33],"Using":[34],"a":[35,93],"normative":[36,159],"juridical":[37],"method":[38],"statutory":[40],"comparative":[42],"approaches,":[43],"research":[45],"analyses":[46],"primary":[47],"legal":[48,71],"materials,":[49],"principally":[50],"Indonesia\u2019s":[51],"Law":[52],"Number":[53],"8":[54],"1999":[56],"on":[57,121,201],"Consumer":[58,62,88,126],"Protection":[59,63,127],"Thailand\u2019s":[61,202],"Act":[64],"B.E.":[65],"2522":[66],"(1979),":[67],"together":[68,130],"secondary":[70],"literature":[72],"obtained":[73],"through":[74,86,106],"library":[75],"research.":[76],"The":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80,102],"resolves":[82],"disputes":[84],"mainly":[85],"Dispute":[89],"Settlement":[90],"Body":[91],"(BPSK),":[92],"semi-judicial":[94],"institution":[95],"operating":[96],"under":[97],"Ministry":[99],"Trade":[101],"issues":[103],"binding":[104,178],"decisions":[105],"mediation,":[107],"conciliation,":[108],"arbitration,":[110],"generally":[111],"within":[112],"twenty-one":[113],"sixty":[115],"days.":[116],"by":[118],"contrast,":[119],"relies":[120],"Office":[123],"Board":[128],"(OCPB)":[129],"Thailand":[133,139],"Consumers":[134],"Council":[135],"(TCC)":[136],"Arbitration":[140],"Center":[141],"(THAC),":[142],"which":[143],"emphasise":[144],"community-based":[145],"mediation":[146],"have":[148],"progressively":[149],"incorporated":[150],"online":[151],"resolution.":[153],"Both":[154],"systems":[155],"share":[156],"same":[158],"objective":[160],"providing":[162],"accessible,":[165],"efficient,":[166],"non-litigious":[168],"remedies,":[169],"yet":[170],"they":[171],"differ":[172],"markedly":[173],"institutional":[175,193],"structure,":[176],"character":[179],"settlements,":[181],"extent":[184],"digital-technology":[186],"adoption.":[187],"recommends":[190],"strengthening":[191],"capacity":[194],"infrastructure":[197],"BPSK,":[199],"drawing":[200],"more":[203],"independent":[204],"technologically":[206],"integrated":[207],"model,":[208],"enhance":[210],"access":[211],"justice":[213],"for":[214,219],"Indonesian":[215],"consumers,":[216],"calls":[218],"closer":[220],"ASEAN-level":[221],"harmonisation":[222],"standards.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
