{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204996496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","title":"An ODD-Stratified Multi-Criteria Framework for Assessing Urban Territorial Readiness for Connected and Automated Vehicles: Methodology and Proof-of-Concept Demonstration","display_name":"An ODD-Stratified Multi-Criteria Framework for Assessing Urban Territorial Readiness for Connected and Automated Vehicles: Methodology and Proof-of-Concept Demonstration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204996496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10090510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036808065","display_name":"Mohamed Cherif Rahal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3504-1382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3504-1382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108314","display_name":"VeDeCoM Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ssrp339","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108314"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Cherif Rahal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automated and Connected Mobility, VEDECOM Institute, 78000 Versailles, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3504-1382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automated and Connected Mobility, VEDECOM Institute, 78000 Versailles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036808065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108314"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"510","last_page":"510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-and-automated-vehicles","display_name":"connected and automated vehicles","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-design-domain","display_name":"operational design domain","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotaxis","display_name":"robotaxis","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-network-assessment","display_name":"road network assessment","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openstreetmap","display_name":"OpenStreetMap","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promethee-ii","display_name":"PROMETHEE II","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/versailles","display_name":"Versailles","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776213154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13370881","display_name":"Verdict","level":2,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5203999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58037377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92785211","display_name":"Level of service","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135510737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance indicator","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380204","display_name":"Service level","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141571065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771949","display_name":"Performance measurement","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10090510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6edfdef848414b9fade2334ae6801bd2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6edfdef848414b9fade2334ae6801bd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science, Vol 10, Iss 9, p 510 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10090510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10090510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000016084","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2549766072","https://openalex.org/W2981209037","https://openalex.org/W3128640023","https://openalex.org/W4296082215","https://openalex.org/W4297474215","https://openalex.org/W4310295262","https://openalex.org/W4376166839","https://openalex.org/W4390538450","https://openalex.org/W4403940064","https://openalex.org/W4410979752","https://openalex.org/W4416158418","https://openalex.org/W7128791128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981209037","https://openalex.org/W7212099265","https://openalex.org/W2782609927","https://openalex.org/W2943112649","https://openalex.org/W4296082215","https://openalex.org/W7162865049","https://openalex.org/W7133318930","https://openalex.org/W4297474215","https://openalex.org/W2895727559","https://openalex.org/W7220808605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"readiness":[1,113],"indices":[2],"for":[3,230,281],"Connected":[4],"and":[5,48,150,166,191,224,240,245,270,276],"Automated":[6],"Vehicles":[7],"(CAVs)":[8],"produce":[9],"a":[10,36,42,99,106,138,159,207,210,256,261],"single":[11,211],"composite":[12],"score":[13,114,212],"per":[14,74],"city.":[15],"This":[16,45],"conflates":[17],"use":[18,75],"cases":[19],"with":[20,53,170],"very":[21],"different":[22],"territorial":[23],"requirements":[24],"and,":[25],"being":[26],"compensatory,":[27],"allows":[28],"strong":[29],"performance":[30],"on":[31,83,90,105,146],"one":[32,69,72,185],"criterion":[33],"to":[34,134,180,200,219],"mask":[35],"deficiency":[37],"that":[38,68,124,209],"is,":[39],"in":[40],"practice,":[41],"hard":[43],"prerequisite.":[44],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"demonstrates":[49],"an":[50,171],"assessment":[51],"framework":[52,143],"four":[54],"elements.":[55],"First,":[56],"the":[57,88,92,112,116,119,130,147,253,265],"verdict":[58,73,186],"is":[59,80,103,132,144],"stratified":[60],"by":[61],"Operational":[62],"Design":[63],"Domain":[64],"(ODD)":[65],"profile,":[66],"so":[67],"territory":[70],"yields":[71],"case.":[76],"Second,":[77],"each":[78,178],"profile":[79,179],"assessed":[81],"only":[82],"its":[84,181],"eligible":[85],"service":[86,94,182],"area,":[87],"roads":[89],"which":[91,110],"corresponding":[93],"could":[95],"actually":[96],"operate.":[97],"Third,":[98],"non-compensatory":[100],"veto":[101],"layer":[102],"overlaid":[104],"compensatory":[107],"segment-level":[108],"score,":[109],"separates":[111],"from":[115],"fit":[117,203],"share,":[118],"proportion":[120],"of":[121,153,163,222],"network":[122,162],"length":[123],"satisfies":[125],"every":[126],"critical":[127],"threshold.":[128],"Fourth,":[129],"diagnosis":[131],"extended":[133],"specific":[135],"corridors":[136],"through":[137],"readiness-aware":[139],"routing":[140,216],"formulation.":[141],"The":[142,188],"demonstrated":[145],"Versailles,":[148],"Satory,":[149],"Velizy":[151],"perimeter":[152],"about":[154,231],"92":[155],"square":[156],"kilometes,":[157],"using":[158,243],"real":[160],"OpenStreetMap":[161],"4834":[164],"nodes":[165],"733":[167],"kilometres,":[168],"combined":[169],"explicitly":[172],"illustrative":[173],"synthetic":[174],"indicator":[175,266],"calibration.":[176],"Restricting":[177],"area":[183],"changes":[184],"outright.":[187],"campus":[189],"shuttle":[190],"urban":[192],"robotaxi":[193],"profiles":[194],"obtain":[195],"near-identical":[196],"scores,":[197],"both":[198],"close":[199],"0.51,":[201],"but":[202],"shares":[204],"differing":[205],"seven-fold,":[206],"distinction":[208],"cannot":[213],"express.":[214],"Readiness-aware":[215],"reroutes":[217],"up":[218],"42":[220],"percent":[221,233],"origin":[223],"destination":[225],"pairs":[226],"onto":[227],"better-equipped":[228],"itineraries":[229],"1":[232],"additional":[234],"travel":[235],"length.":[236],"Monte":[237],"Carlo":[238],"analysis":[239],"cross-method":[241],"tests":[242],"TOPSIS":[244],"PROMETHEE-II":[246],"leave":[247],"all":[248],"verdicts":[249],"unchanged.":[250],"We":[251],"position":[252],"work":[254],"as":[255],"methodological":[257],"demonstration":[258],"rather":[259],"than":[260],"validated":[262],"deployment":[263],"tool:":[264],"values":[267],"are":[268],"synthetic,":[269],"empirical":[271],"calibration,":[272],"expert":[273],"weight":[274],"elicitation,":[275],"field":[277],"validation":[278],"remain":[279],"prerequisites":[280],"operational":[282],"use.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
