{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204991408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","title":"Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Trachoma Transmission Dynamics: Evaluating the Synergy of Mass Drug Administration and Adult\u2010Targeted Education","display_name":"Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Trachoma Transmission Dynamics: Evaluating the Synergy of Mass Drug Administration and Adult\u2010Targeted Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204991408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/6131866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jama/6131866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jama/6131866","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107963948","display_name":"Berhe Nerea Kahsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-1101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-1101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Berhe Nerea Kahsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics ,  College of Natural and Computational Sciences ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-1101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics ,  College of Natural and Computational Sciences ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148931993","display_name":"Teklebrhan B. Abraha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0881-6485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0881-6485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teklebrhan Berehe Abraha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics ,  College of Natural and Computational Sciences ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics ,  College of Natural and Computational Sciences ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124704635","display_name":"Tsegay Teklehaymanot Haftu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-025X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-025X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsegay Teklehaymanot Haftu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Science ,  School of Medicine ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-025X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Science ,  School of Medicine ,  Aksum University ,  Axum ,  Tigray ,  Ethiopia , aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107963948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"],"apc_list":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"apc_paid":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trachoma","display_name":"trachoma","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-drug-administration","display_name":"mass drug administration","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-structured-compartmental-model","display_name":"age-structured compartmental model","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-reproduction-number","display_name":"basic reproduction number","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-stability","display_name":"global stability","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcritical-bifurcation","display_name":"transcritical bifurcation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-free-equilibrium","display_name":"disease-free equilibrium","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endemic-equilibrium","display_name":"endemic equilibrium","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"sensitivity analysis","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trachoma-elimination","display_name":"trachoma elimination","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193216","display_name":"Trachoma","level":2,"score":0.9178000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204264503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901464","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","level":3,"score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780133432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6784028","display_name":"Mass drug administration","level":3,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6496514","display_name":"Latin hypercube sampling","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41949839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756677","display_name":"Stability theory","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992243407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Disease transmission","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776246342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929451","display_name":"Neglected tropical diseases","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85075877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154357","display_name":"Bifurcation theory","level":4,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/6131866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jama/6131866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2adb06582de54bfe839e87e2f27285b9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2adb06582de54bfe839e87e2f27285b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/6131866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/6131866","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jama/6131866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204991408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204991408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94176095","https://openalex.org/W1968972679","https://openalex.org/W1972978527","https://openalex.org/W2020319074","https://openalex.org/W2028680067","https://openalex.org/W2085451305","https://openalex.org/W2092509730","https://openalex.org/W2152803686","https://openalex.org/W3091921360","https://openalex.org/W4210417410","https://openalex.org/W4233425656","https://openalex.org/W4281564303","https://openalex.org/W4285039433","https://openalex.org/W4403433167","https://openalex.org/W7148349678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164501426","https://openalex.org/W3163516789","https://openalex.org/W1972978527","https://openalex.org/W4412070180","https://openalex.org/W2520195664","https://openalex.org/W7161809550","https://openalex.org/W3089919653","https://openalex.org/W2567911476","https://openalex.org/W2806331244","https://openalex.org/W2108267037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trachoma":[0],"remains":[1],"a":[2,28,113,132,186,242],"leading":[3],"cause":[4],"of":[5,38,71,79,99,131,177,198,262],"preventable":[6],"blindness":[7],"in":[8,223],"many":[9],"low\u2010resource":[10],"settings,":[11],"driven":[12],"by":[13],"persistent":[14],"transmission":[15,36,166,231,277],"within":[16],"closely":[17],"interacting":[18],"age":[19],"groups.":[20],"In":[21,225,273],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"we":[24],"develop":[25],"and":[26,42,52,60,77,92,118,159,169,182,233,250,285],"analyze":[27],"nonlinear":[29],"age\u2010structured":[30],"compartmental":[31],"model":[32,45],"that":[33,139,203,266],"captures":[34],"the":[35,72,82,86,96,100,103,129,173,196,256,259,288],"dynamics":[37,98],"trachoma":[39,283],"between":[40],"children":[41,210],"adults.":[43],"The":[44],"incorporates":[46],"cross\u2010age":[47],"infection":[48],"pathways,":[49],"demographic":[50],"processes,":[51],"Holling":[53],"Type\u2010II":[54],"saturated":[55],"incidence":[56],"to":[57,94,194,217],"reflect":[58],"behavioral":[59,271],"environmental":[61],"limitations":[62],"on":[63,155],"disease":[64,140,178,248],"spread.":[65],"We":[66],"establish":[67],"fundamental":[68],"qualitative":[69],"properties":[70],"model,":[73],"including":[74],"positivity,":[75],"boundedness,":[76],"well\u2010posedness":[78],"solutions.":[80],"Using":[81],"next\u2010generation":[83],"matrix":[84],"approach,":[85],"basic":[87],"reproduction":[88],"number":[89],"is":[90,106,119,279],"derived":[91],"shown":[93],"govern":[95],"global":[97],"system.":[101],"Specifically,":[102],"disease\u2010free":[104],"equilibrium":[105,116],"globally":[107,120],"asymptotically":[108,121],"stable":[109,122],"when":[110,123,221],",":[111,137],"whereas":[112,180],"unique":[114],"endemic":[115,235],"exists":[117],".":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"bifurcation":[126,135],"analysis":[127],"reveals":[128],"presence":[130],"forward":[133],"(transcritical)":[134],"at":[136],"indicating":[138],"elimination":[141,284],"can":[142],"be":[143],"achieved":[144],"through":[145],"effective":[146],"threshold":[147],"reduction":[148],"strategies.":[149,200],"A":[150,237],"comprehensive":[151],"sensitivity":[152],"analysis,":[153],"based":[154],"Latin":[156],"Hypercube":[157],"Sampling":[158],"Partial":[160],"Rank":[161],"Correlation":[162],"Coefficients":[163],"(LHS\u2010PRCC),":[164],"identifies":[165],"parameters\u2014particularly":[167],"child\u2010to\u2010child":[168],"adult\u2010to\u2010child":[170],"contact":[171],"rates\u2014as":[172],"most":[174],"influential":[175],"drivers":[176],"spread,":[179],"recovery":[181],"mortality":[183],"parameters":[184],"play":[185],"significant":[187],"mitigating":[188],"role.":[189],"Numerical":[190],"simulations":[191],"are":[192],"conducted":[193],"evaluate":[195],"impact":[197],"intervention":[199,239],"Results":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"biannual":[204],"mass":[205],"drug":[206],"administration":[207],"(MDA)":[208],"targeting":[209,275],"substantially":[211],"reduces":[212,230],"short\u2010term":[213],"prevalence":[214],"but":[215],"fails":[216],"prevent":[218],"long\u2010term":[219,252],"resurgence":[220],"implemented":[222],"isolation.":[224],"contrast,":[226],"adult\u2010targeted":[227],"hygiene":[228],"education":[229],"intensity":[232],"lowers":[234],"levels.":[236],"combined":[238],"strategy":[240],"yields":[241],"strong":[243],"synergistic":[244],"effect,":[245],"significantly":[246],"accelerating":[247],"suppression":[249],"reducing":[251],"prevalence.":[253],"Taken":[254],"together,":[255],"findings":[257],"highlight":[258],"critical":[260],"role":[261],"integrated":[263],"control":[264],"strategies":[265],"combine":[267],"medical":[268],"treatment":[269],"with":[270,287],"interventions.":[272],"particular,":[274],"adult\u2010mediated":[276],"pathways":[278],"essential":[280],"for":[281],"sustainable":[282],"aligns":[286],"WHO":[289],"SAFE":[290],"strategy.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}