{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204972452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","title":"Regenerative Design in the Anthropocene: Comparing Ecological Performance, Spatial Experience, and Nature Integration in Four Global Buildings","display_name":"Regenerative Design in the Anthropocene: Comparing Ecological Performance, Spatial Experience, and Nature Integration in Four Global Buildings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204972452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/architecture6030150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182026","display_name":"Architecture","issn_l":"2673-8945","issn":["2673-8945"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128553881","display_name":"MOHAMMAD HASAN ALAFEEF","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9328-7600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9328-7600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97864281","display_name":"Irbid National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfxvy87","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hasan Alafeef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Design, Faculty of Arts, Irbid National University, Irbid 21110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9328-7600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Design, Faculty of Arts, Irbid National University, Irbid 21110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139939217","display_name":"Ekram Mohammad Rashaideh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5372-8817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5372-8817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97864281","display_name":"Irbid National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfxvy87","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekram Mohammad Rashaideh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design and Visual Communication, Faculty of Arts, Irbid National University, Irbid 21110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5372-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design and Visual Communication, Faculty of Arts, Irbid National University, Irbid 21110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097497847","display_name":"Anas Mohammad Bataineh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5083-570X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5083-570X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132651366","display_name":"World Islamic Sciences and Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mkwn17","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132651366"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas Mohammad Bataineh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Islamic Arts, Faculty of Islamic Arts and Architecture, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman 11947, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5083-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Islamic Arts, Faculty of Islamic Arts and Architecture, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman 11947, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132651366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139942461","display_name":"Abedallh Ahmad Al Tamimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6128-4787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6128-4787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abedallh Ahmad Al Tamimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Media and Graphic Design Department, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6128-4787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Media and Graphic Design Department, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024252791","display_name":"Taiesir TUBAISHAT","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-7829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-7829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mowafaq Ali Alsaggar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-7829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024252791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"150","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11988","display_name":"Sustainable Building Design and Assessment","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11988","display_name":"Sustainable Building Design and Assessment","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13477","display_name":"Sustainable Design and Development","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12188","display_name":"Architecture, Modernity, and Design","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-design","display_name":"regenerative design","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropocene","display_name":"Anthropocene","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-performance","display_name":"ecological performance","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-experience","display_name":"spatial experience","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-integration","display_name":"nature integration","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biophilic-design","display_name":"biophilic design","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-building-certification","display_name":"green building certification","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-edge","display_name":"The Edge","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bosco-verticale","display_name":"Bosco Verticale","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-design","display_name":"passive design","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupant-well-being","display_name":"occupant well-being","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-performance","display_name":"environmental performance","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-typology","display_name":"architectural typology","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-systems","display_name":"adaptive systems","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984241579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323611","display_name":"Architectural design","level":3,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33276779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943363","display_name":"Design elements and principles","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28134081","display_name":"Spatial configuration","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89648432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154716","display_name":"Ecological design","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83854009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000091","display_name":"Environmental design","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124216869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621833","display_name":"Design strategy","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993522384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3405827","display_name":"Natural materials","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72838440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381367","display_name":"Environmental studies","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295872","display_name":"Ecological systems theory","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63847988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410107","display_name":"Ecological psychology","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190831278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323611","display_name":"Building design","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146508145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046315","display_name":"Level design","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/architecture6030150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182026","display_name":"Architecture","issn_l":"2673-8945","issn":["2673-8945"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07cf065e55994ce4834e838a0b60d7c4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07cf065e55994ce4834e838a0b60d7c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Architecture, Vol 6, Iss 3, p 150 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/architecture6030150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6030150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182026","display_name":"Architecture","issn_l":"2673-8945","issn":["2673-8945"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7646999955177307,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284229479","https://openalex.org/W1810154717","https://openalex.org/W1967000343","https://openalex.org/W1981418322","https://openalex.org/W1991969161","https://openalex.org/W1996700163","https://openalex.org/W2005307596","https://openalex.org/W2029679246","https://openalex.org/W2067872626","https://openalex.org/W2124910018","https://openalex.org/W3198874703","https://openalex.org/W3215756416","https://openalex.org/W4210583154","https://openalex.org/W4255764899","https://openalex.org/W4386814210","https://openalex.org/W4400419415","https://openalex.org/W4403868321","https://openalex.org/W7116870485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W69098467","https://openalex.org/W1967000343","https://openalex.org/W7130797565","https://openalex.org/W2744500508","https://openalex.org/W2079992382","https://openalex.org/W2051264249","https://openalex.org/W7219545531","https://openalex.org/W7134097290","https://openalex.org/W4413098527","https://openalex.org/W4321843245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Regenerative":[0],"design":[1,52,160,176],"is":[2,152],"frequently":[3],"invoked":[4],"in":[5],"architectural":[6,62],"discourse":[7],"without":[8],"sufficient":[9],"distinction":[10],"from":[11,94,178],"green,":[12],"sustainable,":[13],"ecological,":[14],"restorative,":[15],"and":[16,25,43,63,67,70,81,86,89,97,131,135,147,159,182,189,193],"biophilic":[17],"design.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20,163],"clarifies":[21],"these":[22],"conceptual":[23],"boundaries":[24],"examines":[26],"how":[27],"regenerative":[28,113,171],"principles":[29],"are":[30],"expressed":[31,124,139],"across":[32,58],"four":[33],"completed":[34],"buildings:":[35],"The":[36,102,162],"Edge,":[37],"Bosco":[38],"Verticale,":[39],"the":[40,95,106],"Bullitt":[41],"Center,":[42],"PARKROYAL":[44],"COLLECTION":[45],"Pickering.":[46],"A":[47,74],"qualitative,":[48],"document-based":[49],"comparative":[50,167],"multiple-case":[51],"was":[53,56],"adopted.":[54],"Evidence":[55],"triangulated":[57],"peer-reviewed":[59],"scholarship,":[60],"official":[61],"engineering":[64],"documentation,":[65],"certification":[66],"technical":[68],"records,":[69],"representative":[71],"visual":[72],"material.":[73],"four-dimensional":[75],"analytical":[76],"framework\u2014comprising":[77],"environmental":[78,133,180,195],"performance,":[79,142],"material":[80,145],"spatial":[82],"expression,":[83],"human":[84],"well-being":[85],"experiential":[87],"quality,":[88],"relationship":[90],"to":[91],"nature\u2014was":[92],"developed":[93],"literature":[96],"refined":[98],"through":[99,125,140],"expert-informed":[100],"review.":[101],"findings":[103],"indicate":[104],"that":[105],"cases":[107],"do":[108],"not":[109],"represent":[110],"a":[111,165],"single":[112],"model.":[114],"Instead,":[115],"they":[116],"combine":[117],"two":[118],"overlapping":[119],"modes:":[120],"visible":[121],"ecological":[122,137],"integration,":[123,138],"vegetation,":[126],"natural":[127],"materials,":[128],"planted":[129],"thresholds,":[130],"perceptible":[132],"continuity,":[134],"operational":[136],"passive":[141],"adaptive":[143],"systems,":[144],"health,":[146],"resource":[148],"responsibility.":[149],"Their":[150],"distribution":[151],"mediated":[153],"by":[154],"building":[155],"typology,":[156],"climate,":[157],"programme,":[158],"intent.":[161],"contributes":[164],"transparent":[166],"framework":[168],"for":[169],"examining":[170],"claims":[172],"while":[173],"distinguishing":[174],"documented":[175],"strategies":[177],"verified":[179],"performance":[181],"occupant":[183],"outcomes.":[184],"Its":[185],"conclusions":[186],"remain":[187],"interpretive":[188],"require":[190],"future":[191],"post-occupancy":[192],"longitudinal":[194],"assessment.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
