{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204959908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","title":"Improved Joint Strength During Electron Beam Welding of Al 6082-T6 Plates by Means of a DC Magnetron Sputtered Nb Filler","display_name":"Improved Joint Strength During Electron Beam Welding of Al 6082-T6 Plates by Means of a DC Magnetron Sputtered Nb Filler","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204959908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8090225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052201127","display_name":"Georgi Kotlarski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-5937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-5937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgi Kotlarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-5937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071879744","display_name":"Darina Kaisheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-2228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-2228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168129107","display_name":"South-West University \"Neofit Rilski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/002wcjr61","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168129107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darina Kaisheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Physics, Neofit Rilski South-West University, 66 Ivan Michailov Str., 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-2228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, Neofit Rilski South-West University, 66 Ivan Michailov Str., 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168129107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106808470","display_name":"Edmon Lazarov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmon Lazarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114020352","display_name":"Dimitar Dechev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitar Dechev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102813247","display_name":"Nikolay Ivanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3513-8571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3513-8571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Ivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020243263","display_name":"Lyubomira Veleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8200-9721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8200-9721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39995536","display_name":"Shumen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yht3k11","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyubomira Veleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen Konstantin Preslavsky, 115 Universitetska Str., 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8200-9721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen Konstantin Preslavsky, 115 Universitetska Str., 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019017641","display_name":"Ivana Ilievska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Ilievska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091980905","display_name":"Fatme Padikova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatme Padikova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033488457","display_name":"Maria Ormanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-4313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-4313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Ormanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013912906","display_name":"Vladimir Dunchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-4672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-4672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Dunchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Material Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-4672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062462337","display_name":"Angel P. Anchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-7236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-7236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Anchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Material Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-7236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090529049","display_name":"Borislav Stoyanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borislav Stoyanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Industrial Design and Textile Engineering, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design and Textile Engineering, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083928155","display_name":"Stefan Valkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-0549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-0549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64251745","display_name":"Technical University of Gabrovo","ror":"https://ror.org/028d5by70","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Valkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-0549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Competence \u201cSmart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies\u201d, 5 Doctor Iliev Detskia Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Gabrovo, 4 H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64251745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052201127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802","https://openalex.org/I64251745"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"225","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.2930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10670","display_name":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-beam-welding","display_name":"electron beam welding","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-magnetron-sputtering","display_name":"DC magnetron sputtering","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-strength","display_name":"weld strength","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermetallic-compounds","display_name":"intermetallic compounds","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al3nb","display_name":"Al3Nb","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidification-defects","display_name":"solidification defects","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-phase-particles","display_name":"second phase particles","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9850000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8288000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.7563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27501479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428069","display_name":"Intermetallic","level":3,"score":0.6858999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59616599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3431241","display_name":"Electron beam welding","level":4,"score":0.6686000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507968137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046","display_name":"Niobium","level":2,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146868986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137729","display_name":"Heat-affected zone","level":3,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89344249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937468","display_name":"Laser beam welding","level":3,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88504338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340805","display_name":"Weldability","level":3,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8090225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:430aac37c6cb4abe831474e71f01d4b5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/430aac37c6cb4abe831474e71f01d4b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci, Vol 8, Iss 9, p 225 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8090225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8090225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7732410669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BG16RFPR002- 1.014-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W857728677","https://openalex.org/W941600313","https://openalex.org/W1968323141","https://openalex.org/W1976381853","https://openalex.org/W1982788916","https://openalex.org/W2023298930","https://openalex.org/W2030748744","https://openalex.org/W2036752043","https://openalex.org/W2041590167","https://openalex.org/W2053246025","https://openalex.org/W2057530272","https://openalex.org/W2094401332","https://openalex.org/W2121792131","https://openalex.org/W2143533886","https://openalex.org/W2291693484","https://openalex.org/W2304122885","https://openalex.org/W2346786923","https://openalex.org/W2518696367","https://openalex.org/W2606609158","https://openalex.org/W2800234390","https://openalex.org/W2803329255","https://openalex.org/W2900019834","https://openalex.org/W2916011195","https://openalex.org/W2958282959","https://openalex.org/W2996306463","https://openalex.org/W3086352575","https://openalex.org/W3098899040","https://openalex.org/W3119047176","https://openalex.org/W4220790819","https://openalex.org/W4309211259","https://openalex.org/W4311518941","https://openalex.org/W4322772551","https://openalex.org/W4365509189","https://openalex.org/W4383723423","https://openalex.org/W4383911015","https://openalex.org/W4387182223","https://openalex.org/W4388816728","https://openalex.org/W4393944657","https://openalex.org/W4409188959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402940698","https://openalex.org/W4412862561","https://openalex.org/W4409382988","https://openalex.org/W4401510201","https://openalex.org/W7169834827","https://openalex.org/W4393488323","https://openalex.org/W3109103608","https://openalex.org/W4389239278","https://openalex.org/W2805479019","https://openalex.org/W4411711128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70,169],"the":[1,4,9,28,32,50,53,59,62,65,71,87,112,126,132,142,149,170,193,197,204,207,211,222,225,230,245,249,253,268],"present":[2],"work,":[3],"incorporation":[5],"of":[6,11,18,34,52,61,64,111,141,148,156,172,189,196,206,213,224,252],"Nb":[7,24,150],"in":[8,31,86,166,241,244],"volume":[10,195],"weld":[12,29,198,231],"seams":[13],"during":[14],"electron":[15,66],"beam":[16,67,91,175],"welding":[17],"Al6082-T6":[19],"plates":[20],"was":[21,25,56,68,76,93,123,183,200],"investigated.":[22,119],"The":[23,41,109],"introduced":[26],"into":[27],"seam":[30,199,232],"form":[33],"a":[35,79,96,103,153,186],"direct":[36],"current":[37],"(DC)":[38],"magnetron-sputtered":[39],"filler.":[40],"experiments":[42],"were":[43,118,129,158,164],"conducted":[44],"with":[45,78,95,248],"different":[46],"technical":[47],"parameters":[48],"where":[49],"power":[51],"heat":[54],"source":[55],"constant,":[57],"but":[58],"geometry":[60],"oscillation":[63,75,92],"varied.":[69],"first":[72],"case,":[73,89],"circular":[74,137],"used":[77,94],"radius":[80],"rosc":[81],"=":[82,99,106],"0.2":[83,107],"mm,":[84],"and":[85,102,114,125,144,152,181,185,219,267],"second":[88],"elliptical":[90,174],"length":[97],"l":[98],"2":[100],"mm":[101],"width":[104],"d":[105],"mm.":[108],"structure":[110],"samples":[113],"some":[115],"mechanical":[116,246],"properties":[117],"A":[120],"mathematical":[121],"model":[122],"prepared,":[124],"obtained":[127,134],"results":[128],"comparable":[130],"to":[131,236,262,278],"experimentally":[133],"ones.":[135],"Using":[136],"oscillation,":[138,176],"poor":[139,146],"miscibility":[140,178],"aluminum":[143,180],"niobium,":[145],"melting":[147],"filler,":[151],"high":[154],"concentration":[155],"defects":[157],"observed.":[159],"No":[160],"intermetallic":[161],"compounds":[162],"(IMCs)":[163],"detected":[165],"this":[167],"case.":[168],"case":[171],"applying":[173],"excellent":[177],"between":[179],"niobium":[182],"achieved,":[184],"homogeneous":[187],"spread":[188],"Al3Nb":[190],"intermetallics":[191],"along":[192],"entire":[194],"achieved.":[201],"This":[202,239],"increased":[203],"density":[205],"joint":[208],"by":[209,220],"minimizing":[210],"formation":[212],"defects,":[214],"such":[215],"as":[216],"solidification":[217],"pores,":[218],"decreasing":[221],"size":[223],"secondary":[226],"phase":[227],"particles":[228],"within":[229],"from":[233,257,273],"33.11\u201361.41":[234],"\u00b5m":[235],"3.63\u20137.75":[237],"\u00b5m.":[238],"resulted":[240],"an":[242],"increase":[243],"properties,":[247],"average":[250,269],"hardness":[251],"fusion":[254],"zone":[255],"going":[256,272],"72.6":[258],"\u00b1":[259,264,275,280],"3.3":[260],"HV":[261,266],"83.4":[263],"3.5":[265],"tensile":[270],"strength":[271],"225":[274],"8":[276,281],"MPa":[277],"275":[279],"MPa.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}