{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204957514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30688","title":"UFPR-PEs: A Brazilian Face Recognition Benchmark with Self-Declared Race/Color Labels","display_name":"UFPR-PEs: A Brazilian Face Recognition Benchmark with Self-Declared Race/Color Labels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204957514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30688","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30688","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30688","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148904687","display_name":"Alexandre Diano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diano, Alexandre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085815591","display_name":"Bernardo Janko Gon\u00e7alves Biesseck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-6913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-6913"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018305852","display_name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso","ror":"https://ror.org/02t6f2351","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018305852"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biesseck, Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","Federal Institute of Mato Grosso (IFMT) , Pontes e Lacerda , Mato Grosso , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Institute of Mato Grosso (IFMT) , Pontes e Lacerda , Mato Grosso , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018305852"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148930941","display_name":"Gabriel Polo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polo, Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061978040","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Greg\u00f3rio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregorio, Vinicius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148850820","display_name":"Laura Lopes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lopes, Laura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025026088","display_name":"Diego Addan Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-3966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-3966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Addan, Diego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033489756","display_name":"David Menotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-2030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-2030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menotti, David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics , Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-color","display_name":"race and color","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazilian-politicians","display_name":"Brazilian politicians","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"image quality","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-analysis","display_name":"subgroup analysis","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-set-recognition","display_name":"open-set recognition","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7020999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6827999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6516000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30688","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30688","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.30688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30688","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30688","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322772","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","ror":"https://ror.org/02r7nkw81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324317","display_name":"Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso","ror":"https://ror.org/02t6f2351"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204957514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204957514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413392203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097544941","https://openalex.org/W7125472552","https://openalex.org/W4312886312","https://openalex.org/W6912862624","https://openalex.org/W2995383516","https://openalex.org/W4404518323","https://openalex.org/W3207594020","https://openalex.org/W4378711661","https://openalex.org/W3167034882","https://openalex.org/W3006421187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"face":[1,31,106,162],"recognition":[2,32,107,129,163],"systems":[3],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"deployed,":[6],"ensuring":[7],"their":[8],"demographic":[9],"reliability":[10],"and":[11,83,104,111,113,122,136,156],"robustness":[12],"under":[13,93,165],"uncontrolled":[14],"visual":[15,145],"conditions":[16],"remains":[17],"a":[18,28,154],"critical":[19],"challenge.":[20],"To":[21],"bridge":[22],"this":[23],"gap,":[24],"we":[25],"present":[26],"UFPR-PEs,":[27],"benchmark":[29,76],"for":[30,160],"bias":[33,164],"evaluation":[34],"using":[35],"public":[36,81,167],"videos":[37],"of":[38],"elected":[39],"Brazilian":[40,52],"politicians":[41],"annotated":[42],"with":[43,133,144],"official":[44],"self-declared":[45],"race/color":[46,121],"categories.":[47],"The":[48,125],"dataset":[49,102],"adopts":[50],"the":[51,56,65,98],"census":[53],"taxonomy,":[54],"including":[55,117],"parda":[57],"category,":[58],"which":[59],"has":[60],"no":[61],"direct":[62],"equivalent":[63],"in":[64,72,149],"U.S.-":[66],"or":[67],"Europe-centric":[68],"schemas":[69],"commonly":[70],"used":[71],"prior":[73],"benchmarks.":[74],"Our":[75],"is":[77],"built":[78],"from":[79],"compressed":[80],"video":[82,168],"preserves":[84],"difficult":[85],"samples":[86],"so":[87],"that":[88,128,137],"performance":[89,108,130],"can":[90],"be":[91,141],"analyzed":[92],"realistic":[94],"conditions.":[95,169],"We":[96],"describe":[97],"construction":[99],"pipeline,":[100],"report":[101],"statistics,":[103],"evaluate":[105],"across":[109],"verification":[110],"(closed-":[112],"open-set)":[114],"identification":[115],"settings,":[116],"subgroup":[118,138],"analysis":[119],"by":[120],"difficulty":[123,146],"level.":[124],"results":[126],"show":[127],"varies":[131],"substantially":[132],"image":[134],"quality,":[135],"gaps":[139],"must":[140],"interpreted":[142],"jointly":[143],"rather":[147],"than":[148],"isolation.":[150],"Overall,":[151],"UFPR-PEs":[152],"provides":[153],"reproducible":[155],"demographically":[157],"grounded":[158],"setting":[159],"studying":[161],"challenging":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
