{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204954970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","title":"Modulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine and derived active metabolites on autoimmune-inflammatory signaling pathways in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review","display_name":"Modulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine and derived active metabolites on autoimmune-inflammatory signaling pathways in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204954970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42746004","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13575620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141195828","display_name":"Die Qian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Die Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148844804","display_name":"Xiaohong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157949915","display_name":"Jingjing Ge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148922274","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141207253","display_name":"Mingmin Na","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingmin Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141192212","display_name":"Maokui Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maokui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113049012","display_name":"Qingyan Mo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyan Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111263728","display_name":"Mingqian Ju","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqian Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140591352","display_name":"Chunping Wan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46975222","display_name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zap7912","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunping Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Clinical Medical College, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5140591352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46975222"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45572718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1907206","last_page":"1907206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis","display_name":"experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimmunomodulation","display_name":"neuroimmunomodulation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-th2-balance","display_name":"Th1/Th2 balance","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th17-treg-balance","display_name":"Th17/Treg balance","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nlrp3-inflammasome","display_name":"NLRP3 inflammasome","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4-myd88-nf-kappab-pathway","display_name":"TLR4/MyD88/NF-\u03baB pathway","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-signaling","display_name":"MAPK signaling","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pi3k-akt-signaling","display_name":"PI3K/Akt signaling","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jak-stat-signaling","display_name":"JAK/STAT signaling","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-signaling-pathways","display_name":"inflammatory signaling","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioactive-metabolites","display_name":"bioactive metabolites","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.7846999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.711899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779626144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403356","display_name":"Kampo","level":3,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150555746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210973","display_name":"Cell signaling","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777899865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634879","display_name":"Encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018449070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signalling pathways","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13575620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13575620/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13575620/pdf/fphar-17-1907206.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42746004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42746004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccadf9e75de946dbb66a213f17d7fee3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ccadf9e75de946dbb66a213f17d7fee3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1907206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1113602395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82374119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204954970.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204954970.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":151,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499297460","https://openalex.org/W1535444616","https://openalex.org/W1540964208","https://openalex.org/W1840711934","https://openalex.org/W1901339558","https://openalex.org/W1931482457","https://openalex.org/W1965094772","https://openalex.org/W1965708442","https://openalex.org/W1968712162","https://openalex.org/W1970308473","https://openalex.org/W1971475979","https://openalex.org/W1973162732","https://openalex.org/W1988316193","https://openalex.org/W1988530282","https://openalex.org/W1991240488","https://openalex.org/W1993699648","https://openalex.org/W1994088951","https://openalex.org/W2001262287","https://openalex.org/W2016708953","https://openalex.org/W2025617940","https://openalex.org/W2036752593","https://openalex.org/W2037316198","https://openalex.org/W2042938039","https://openalex.org/W2055421535","https://openalex.org/W2059988496","https://openalex.org/W2065490240","https://openalex.org/W2091174313","https://openalex.org/W2091297000","https://openalex.org/W2114424863","https://openalex.org/W2117340207","https://openalex.org/W2122442183","https://openalex.org/W2125705141","https://openalex.org/W2137444447","https://openalex.org/W2140637559","https://openalex.org/W2143541289","https://openalex.org/W2153627006","https://openalex.org/W2168460820","https://openalex.org/W2176768804","https://openalex.org/W2177858045","https://openalex.org/W2307511783","https://openalex.org/W2409966827","https://openalex.org/W2420824370","https://openalex.org/W2481496926","https://openalex.org/W2579378131","https://openalex.org/W2587146235","https://openalex.org/W2590668924","https://openalex.org/W2595566326","https://openalex.org/W2605001341","https://openalex.org/W2612109279","https://openalex.org/W2730832359","https://openalex.org/W2741339773","https://openalex.org/W2760067214","https://openalex.org/W2772951450","https://openalex.org/W2804215593","https://openalex.org/W2883277223","https://openalex.org/W2883504665","https://openalex.org/W2898631749","https://openalex.org/W2899386772","https://openalex.org/W2904473682","https://openalex.org/W2905243933","https://openalex.org/W2918226459","https://openalex.org/W2921490815","https://openalex.org/W2921781689","https://openalex.org/W2944560690","https://openalex.org/W2959370493","https://openalex.org/W2977072567","https://openalex.org/W2980659584","https://openalex.org/W2999543617","https://openalex.org/W3003319512","https://openalex.org/W3005877426","https://openalex.org/W3007021146","https://openalex.org/W3009968413","https://openalex.org/W3010805105","https://openalex.org/W3025060349","https://openalex.org/W3037230175","https://openalex.org/W3045916475","https://openalex.org/W3079746866","https://openalex.org/W3127889439","https://openalex.org/W3129907507","https://openalex.org/W3149426893","https://openalex.org/W3175085187","https://openalex.org/W3185624513","https://openalex.org/W3199738914","https://openalex.org/W4210575198","https://openalex.org/W4220987261","https://openalex.org/W4221070105","https://openalex.org/W4224439985","https://openalex.org/W4232055069","https://openalex.org/W4286297049","https://openalex.org/W4297184530","https://openalex.org/W4303629012","https://openalex.org/W4310665609","https://openalex.org/W4311776006","https://openalex.org/W4312030503","https://openalex.org/W4315929190","https://openalex.org/W4317708737","https://openalex.org/W4318570359","https://openalex.org/W4361190549","https://openalex.org/W4377826808","https://openalex.org/W4379259816","https://openalex.org/W4381435879","https://openalex.org/W4382515121","https://openalex.org/W4385799100","https://openalex.org/W4386189768","https://openalex.org/W4386518626","https://openalex.org/W4386704883","https://openalex.org/W4389339574","https://openalex.org/W4389679430","https://openalex.org/W4391686358","https://openalex.org/W4395468614","https://openalex.org/W4396531288","https://openalex.org/W4396893640","https://openalex.org/W4398781614","https://openalex.org/W4401805736","https://openalex.org/W4402253413","https://openalex.org/W4402531838","https://openalex.org/W4402927593","https://openalex.org/W4404291878","https://openalex.org/W4405364281","https://openalex.org/W4405775146","https://openalex.org/W4406028004","https://openalex.org/W4406766655","https://openalex.org/W4407986931","https://openalex.org/W4408221103","https://openalex.org/W4408923103","https://openalex.org/W4409199472","https://openalex.org/W4410088983","https://openalex.org/W4410091847","https://openalex.org/W4410199304","https://openalex.org/W4410219228","https://openalex.org/W4411009544","https://openalex.org/W4411921205","https://openalex.org/W4412157051","https://openalex.org/W4412509019","https://openalex.org/W4412570489","https://openalex.org/W4413029555","https://openalex.org/W4414397641","https://openalex.org/W4414803800","https://openalex.org/W4414873865","https://openalex.org/W4415451900","https://openalex.org/W4416018390","https://openalex.org/W4416145061","https://openalex.org/W4416724100","https://openalex.org/W4417427033","https://openalex.org/W7116881924","https://openalex.org/W7119499079","https://openalex.org/W7121684891","https://openalex.org/W7128090348","https://openalex.org/W7131365423","https://openalex.org/W7152024959","https://openalex.org/W7165382651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407269896","https://openalex.org/W2365977093","https://openalex.org/W2355408937","https://openalex.org/W2891758888","https://openalex.org/W2141699674","https://openalex.org/W7162403623","https://openalex.org/W4411009544","https://openalex.org/W2056748835","https://openalex.org/W4392199165","https://openalex.org/W2044861007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"sclerosis":[1],"(MS),":[2],"an":[3],"immune-mediated":[4],"neuroinflammatory":[5],"disease,":[6],"is":[7,28,44],"characterized":[8],"by":[9],"demyelination,":[10],"axonal":[11],"injury":[12],"and":[13,57,67,78,86,109,119,149,156,162,177,185,189,194,215,239,250],"extensive":[14],"destruction":[15],"of":[16,19,39,54,76,83,96,104,111,116,129,158,205,224,231,234,253,258],"the":[17,20,29,36,51,74,81,92,101,107,114,126,190,222,232,247,256],"integrity":[18],"central":[21],"nervous":[22],"system.":[23],"Experimental":[24],"autoimmune":[25,117,137],"encephalomyelitis":[26],"(EAE)":[27],"most":[30],"commonly":[31],"used":[32],"model":[33],"for":[34,48,245],"simulating":[35],"pathological":[37,94],"features":[38],"human":[40],"MS.":[41,55,225,259],"Presently,":[42],"there":[43],"still":[45],"much":[46],"room":[47],"improvement":[49],"in":[50,106,237,255],"treatment":[52,75,110,223,257],"strategy":[53],"More":[56],"more":[58],"studies":[59],"have":[60],"shown":[61],"that":[62,168],"traditional":[63],"Chinese":[64,140],"medicine":[65],"(TCM)":[66],"related":[68,207],"active":[69,174],"metabolites":[70],"are":[71],"beneficial":[72,102],"to":[73,221],"MS,":[77,97,238],"skillfully":[79],"regulate":[80],"levels":[82],"inflammatory":[84],"factors":[85],"immune":[87,198],"system":[88],"imbalance.":[89],"Focusing":[90],"on":[91],"core":[93],"mechanisms":[95,128,233],"this":[98],"review":[99],"elucidates":[100],"effects":[103,181],"TCM":[105,169,235,254],"prevention":[108],"MS":[112],"via":[113,182],"modulation":[115],"responses":[118],"inflammation-associated":[120],"signaling":[121,192,208],"pathways,":[122,209,218],"as":[123,125],"well":[124],"underlying":[127],"action.":[130],"The":[131,165],"main":[132],"keywords":[133],"\u201cmultiple":[134],"sclerosis\u201d,":[135],"\u201cexperimental":[136],"encephalomyelitis\u201d,":[138],"\u201ctraditional":[139],"medicine\u201d,":[141],"\u201cnatural":[142],"metabolites\u201d,":[143,145],"\u201cbioactive":[144],"\u201cautoimmune\u201d,":[146],"\u201cinflammatory":[147],"signals\u201d":[148],"other":[150],"details":[151],"were":[152],"retrieved":[153],"from":[154],"PubMed":[155],"Web":[157],"Science,":[159],"Scopus,":[160],"ScienceDirect,":[161],"Google":[163],"Scholar.":[164],"results":[166],"indicate":[167],"preparations,":[170],"including":[171,210],"botanical":[172],"drugs,":[173],"metabolite":[175],"monomers":[176],"formulas,":[178],"exert":[179],"neuroimmunomodulatory":[180],"modulating":[183],"Th1/Th2":[184],"Th17/Treg":[186],"cell":[187],"balance":[188],"CXCR6/CXCL16":[191],"axis,":[193],"consequently":[195],"inhibit":[196],"excessive":[197],"activation.":[199],"Additionally,":[200],"it":[201],"regulates":[202],"a":[203,242],"variety":[204],"inflammation":[206],"NLRP3,":[211],"TLR4/MyD88/NF-\u03baB,":[212],"MAPK,":[213],"PI3K/Akt":[214],"JAK/STAT":[216],"signal":[217],"thus":[219],"contributing":[220],"This":[226],"study":[227],"deepens":[228],"our":[229],"understanding":[230],"intervention":[236],"opens":[240],"up":[241],"new":[243],"perspective":[244],"clarifying":[246],"clinical":[248],"value":[249],"development":[251],"prospect":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
