{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204952914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","title":"Transformational leadership and employee performance through affective commitment in public universities in Southwest Afghanistan","display_name":"Transformational leadership and employee performance through affective commitment in public universities in Southwest Afghanistan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204952914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051107403","display_name":"Mohammad Nasim Tahsildar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-7228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-7228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131979068","display_name":"Herat University","ror":"https://ror.org/050zs3956","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131979068"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Tahsildar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herat University, Herat City, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herat University, Herat City, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131979068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148835116","display_name":"Asmatullah Qani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmatullah Qani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmand University, Lashkar Gah City, Helmand, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmand University, Lashkar Gah City, Helmand, Afghanistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051107403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131979068"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.6182000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.6182000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.19619999825954437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.1103999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-commitment","display_name":"affective commitment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-universities","display_name":"public universities","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-and-administrators","display_name":"faculty and administrators","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exchange-theory","display_name":"social exchange theory","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-in-higher-education","display_name":"higher education leadership","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.8833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.5748999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7225491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697537","display_name":"Leadership studies","level":3,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99753626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14937678","display_name":"Employee engagement","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182021174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374295","display_name":"Employee research","level":3,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172256602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780716","display_name":"Social exchange theory","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88251983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489549","display_name":"Shared leadership","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107309635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484275","display_name":"Leadership","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126583095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1548752","display_name":"Organizational citizenship behavior","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f72005aae394f8199133344a8e6828c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f72005aae394f8199133344a8e6828c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02062-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204952914.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204952914.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1204404493","https://openalex.org/W1969231716","https://openalex.org/W1977879101","https://openalex.org/W1990954480","https://openalex.org/W1993631217","https://openalex.org/W2022786786","https://openalex.org/W2039151696","https://openalex.org/W2041204043","https://openalex.org/W2083174051","https://openalex.org/W2090711836","https://openalex.org/W2093114961","https://openalex.org/W2107592237","https://openalex.org/W2155754733","https://openalex.org/W2158517811","https://openalex.org/W2164385948","https://openalex.org/W2514767416","https://openalex.org/W3133132562","https://openalex.org/W3164839735","https://openalex.org/W4408877833","https://openalex.org/W4410874524","https://openalex.org/W4413426162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176395334","https://openalex.org/W7216522923","https://openalex.org/W7203982025","https://openalex.org/W7203933672","https://openalex.org/W4407189607","https://openalex.org/W4414451985","https://openalex.org/W7215266789","https://openalex.org/W7147222430","https://openalex.org/W4414662679","https://openalex.org/W4312983908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,142],"study":[2,36,143],"examines":[3],"the":[4,35,133],"relationship":[5],"between":[6],"transformational":[7,91,145],"leadership":[8,39,92,146,160],"and":[9,21,44,76,99,112,125,139,154,162],"employee":[10,42,95],"performance,":[11],"with":[12,66],"affective":[13,102],"commitment":[14],"as":[15,109],"a":[16,48],"mediating":[17],"mechanism,":[18],"among":[19],"academic":[20],"administrative":[22],"staff":[23],"in":[24,27,31,47,165],"public":[25,166],"universities":[26],"Southwest":[28],"Afghanistan.":[29],"Grounded":[30],"Social":[32],"Exchange":[33],"Theory,":[34],"explores":[37],"how":[38],"behaviors":[40],"influence":[41],"attitudes":[43],"work":[45],"outcomes":[46],"resource-constrained":[49],"higher":[50,127,151],"education":[51,152],"context.":[52],"A":[53],"convergent":[54],"mixed-methods":[55],"design":[56],"was":[57],"employed,":[58],"combining":[59],"survey":[60],"data":[61,70,81],"collected":[62],"through":[63,84,101],"purposive":[64],"sampling":[65],"semi-structured":[67],"interviews.":[68],"Quantitative":[69],"were":[71,82],"analyzed":[72],"using":[73],"correlation,":[74],"regression,":[75],"mediation":[77],"techniques,":[78],"while":[79],"qualitative":[80],"examined":[83],"thematic":[85],"analysis.":[86],"The":[87],"findings":[88],"indicate":[89],"that":[90],"positively":[93],"affects":[94],"performance":[96],"both":[97],"directly":[98],"indirectly":[100],"commitment.":[103],"Employees":[104],"who":[105],"perceive":[106],"their":[107,123],"leaders":[108],"supportive,":[110],"inspirational,":[111],"fair":[113],"are":[114],"more":[115],"likely":[116],"to":[117,122,148],"develop":[118],"stronger":[119],"emotional":[120],"attachment":[121],"institutions":[124],"achieve":[126],"performance.":[128],"Qualitative":[129],"evidence":[130],"further":[131],"emphasizes":[132],"importance":[134],"of":[135],"communication,":[136],"fairness,":[137],"motivation,":[138],"institutional":[140],"support.":[141],"extends":[144],"research":[147],"an":[149],"underexplored":[150],"context":[153],"offers":[155],"practical":[156],"implications":[157],"for":[158],"strengthening":[159],"capacity":[161],"organizational":[163],"effectiveness":[164],"universities.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
