{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204946441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","title":"Influence of trunk posture on spinal loading and paraspinal muscle forces in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling study","display_name":"Influence of trunk posture on spinal loading and paraspinal muscle forces in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204946441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/01/2026.08.28.747718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/01/2026.08.28.747718.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056276550","display_name":"Rounak Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5041-4299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5041-4299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rounak Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5041-4299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075528263","display_name":"Bhavuk Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-6437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-6437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802464703","display_name":"Max Super Speciality Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7r7m66","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802464703","https://openalex.org/I307255591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavuk Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Currently at Department of Orthopaedics, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi 110 017, Delhi, India","Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Currently at Department of Orthopaedics, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi 110 017, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802464703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074281871","display_name":"Rajesh Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-003X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-003X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302839792","display_name":"Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals","ror":"https://ror.org/013vzz882","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302839792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Currently at Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India","Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-003X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Currently at Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302839792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054472432","display_name":"Rajdeep Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-2060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-2060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196486160","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Agartala","ror":"https://ror.org/03swyrn62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196486160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajdeep Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Currently at Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala 799 046, Tripura, India","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-2060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Currently at Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala 799 046, Tripura, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196486160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058033902","display_name":"Anoop Chawla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-0008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-0008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-0008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045789930","display_name":"Kaushik Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-2803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-2803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045789930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12830","display_name":"Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis","display_name":"adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk-posture","display_name":"trunk posture","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-loading","display_name":"spinal loading","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erector-spinae-muscle","display_name":"erector spinae","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multifidus-muscle","display_name":"multifidus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-flexion","display_name":"lateral bending","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk-flexion","display_name":"trunk flexion","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-rotation","display_name":"axial rotation","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-asymmetry","display_name":"muscle asymmetry","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.6955000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993634128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Idiopathic scoliosis","level":3,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774933","display_name":"Erector spinae muscles","level":3,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780955175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Scoliosis","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5768005","display_name":"Extensor muscle","level":2,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127006","display_name":"Muscle contraction","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182746","display_name":"Deformity","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67139541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858200","display_name":"Apex (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778286254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371010","display_name":"Multifidus muscle","level":4,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910429734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133279","display_name":"Back muscles","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780913275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578786","display_name":"Thoracic vertebrae","level":4,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777755357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502781","display_name":"Intervertebral disc","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992931878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577457","display_name":"Spinal deformity","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780811821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641175","display_name":"Rachis","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780204347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126173","display_name":"Weight-bearing","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779835254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405478","display_name":"Lumbar vertebrae","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780227034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085907","display_name":"Longissimus","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781012678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482853","display_name":"Vertebral column","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/01/2026.08.28.747718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.28.747718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/01/2026.08.28.747718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324473","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204946441.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204946441.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1890614646","https://openalex.org/W1971142463","https://openalex.org/W1999523238","https://openalex.org/W2001700142","https://openalex.org/W2036415171","https://openalex.org/W2038812737","https://openalex.org/W2043763723","https://openalex.org/W2052650242","https://openalex.org/W2064451866","https://openalex.org/W2064885421","https://openalex.org/W2085231121","https://openalex.org/W2086079597","https://openalex.org/W2087448909","https://openalex.org/W2101544589","https://openalex.org/W2131633148","https://openalex.org/W2154351351","https://openalex.org/W2158190254","https://openalex.org/W2418743683","https://openalex.org/W2470342634","https://openalex.org/W2558561644","https://openalex.org/W2572143681","https://openalex.org/W2623950359","https://openalex.org/W2771026574","https://openalex.org/W2776039164","https://openalex.org/W2914157903","https://openalex.org/W2950016600","https://openalex.org/W2965332476","https://openalex.org/W3007190235","https://openalex.org/W3010096737","https://openalex.org/W3049505853","https://openalex.org/W3083252926","https://openalex.org/W3110638754","https://openalex.org/W3190887015","https://openalex.org/W3196357258","https://openalex.org/W3200661388","https://openalex.org/W4200599327","https://openalex.org/W4386623971","https://openalex.org/W4390629712","https://openalex.org/W4390637794","https://openalex.org/W4403868871","https://openalex.org/W4407757087","https://openalex.org/W4415897779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978536071","https://openalex.org/W3110638754","https://openalex.org/W3010096737","https://openalex.org/W4407757087","https://openalex.org/W4390637794","https://openalex.org/W4404374841","https://openalex.org/W3190887015","https://openalex.org/W3049752919","https://openalex.org/W2802638556","https://openalex.org/W4407855237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Adolescent":[1],"idiopathic":[2],"scoliosis":[3],"(AIS)":[4],"alters":[5],"spinal":[6,24,61,199,229,271],"geometry":[7],"and":[8,26,46,68,79,97,104,111,131,179,186,201,212,223,270],"may":[9],"influence":[10,215],"the":[11,15,38,92,101,107,120,128,137,177,183,216,220,247,258],"biomechanical":[12,217],"response":[13],"of":[14,40,55,176,182,219],"spine":[16,222],"during":[17],"functional":[18],"postures.":[19],"However,":[20],"posture-dependent":[21],"changes":[22],"in":[23,30,106,231,236],"loading":[25,45,200,235,256],"paraspinal":[27,47],"muscle":[28,48,168,192,202,262],"forces":[29,49,99,105,169,263],"AIS":[31,237,275],"remain":[32],"poorly":[33],"understood.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36],"investigated":[37],"effects":[39],"trunk":[41,208,242],"posture":[42,196,269],"on":[43,241],"intervertebral":[44,250],"using":[50],"a":[51,71],"subject-specific":[52],"musculoskeletal":[53,73],"model":[54],"an":[56],"adolescent":[57],"with":[58,88,173],"AIS.":[59,232],"The":[60],"deformity":[62,272],"was":[63,238],"reconstructed":[64],"from":[65],"biplanar":[66],"radiographs":[67],"incorporated":[69],"into":[70],"full-body":[72],"model.":[74],"Flexion,":[75],"extension,":[76],"lateral":[77,98,151,255],"bending,":[78],"axial":[80],"rotation":[81,160],"were":[82,115,170],"simulated":[83],"at":[84,127,139],"three":[85],"incremental":[86],"magnitudes,":[87],"motion":[89],"distributed":[90],"across":[91],"thoracolumbar":[93],"spine.":[94],"Intervertebral":[95],"compressive":[96,122,157,249],"around":[100,257],"curve":[102,129,259],"apex":[103,130,138],"erector":[108],"spinae":[109],"(ES)":[110],"multifidus":[112],"(MF)":[113],"muscles":[114],"evaluated.":[116],"Trunk":[117,244,268],"flexion":[118,245],"produced":[119,144,161,190,246],"greatest":[121,248],"loading,":[123],"reaching":[124],"337":[125],"N":[126,133],"372":[132],"two":[134],"levels":[135],"below":[136],"30\u00b0":[140],"flexion.":[141],"Lateral":[142],"bending":[143,149,155,253],"pronounced":[145],"direction-dependent":[146,165],"loading:":[147],"concave-side":[148,174],"increased":[150,156,254],"forces,":[152],"whereas":[153],"convex-side":[154,180],"forces.":[158,203],"Axial":[159],"similar":[162],"but":[163],"smaller":[164],"changes.":[166],"Paraspinal":[167,261],"consistently":[171],"asymmetric,":[172],"dominance":[175,181],"ES":[178],"MF.":[184],"Flexion":[185],"convex-sided":[187],"movements":[188],"generally":[189],"greater":[191],"imbalance,":[193],"while":[194],"increasing":[195],"magnitude":[197,213],"amplified":[198],"These":[204],"findings":[205],"demonstrate":[206],"that":[207],"posture,":[209],"movement":[210],"direction,":[211],"substantially":[214],"environment":[218],"scoliotic":[221],"should":[224],"be":[225],"considered":[226],"when":[227],"evaluating":[228],"mechanics":[230],"Highlights":[233],"Spinal":[234],"strongly":[239],"dependent":[240],"posture.":[243],"loading.":[251],"Concave-side":[252],"apex.":[260],"exhibited":[264],"distinct":[265],"concave\u2013convex":[266],"asymmetry.":[267],"jointly":[273],"influenced":[274],"biomechanics.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
