{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204944872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30929","title":"Annotated Surrogate Retrieval for Polish Statutory Law","display_name":"Annotated Surrogate Retrieval for Polish Statutory Law","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204944872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30929","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30929","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148933066","display_name":"Orkun Yi\u011fit Cengiz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cengiz, Orkun Yi\u011fit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148933066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.026599999517202377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-information-retrieval","display_name":"legal information retrieval","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statutory-law","display_name":"statutory law","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/re-ranking","display_name":"re-ranking","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dense-retrieval","display_name":"dense retrieval","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-retrieval","display_name":"word retrieval","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal-rank-fusion","display_name":"reciprocal rank fusion","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-accuracy","display_name":"citation accuracy","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lemmatization","display_name":"lemmatization","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-relevance-feedback","display_name":"pseudo-relevance feedback","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-reformulation","display_name":"query rewriting","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polish-law","display_name":"Polish law","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186282968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434261","display_name":"McNemar's test","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42027317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307054","display_name":"Principle of legality","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88626702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128903","display_name":"Continuation","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30929","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.30929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30929","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125838335","https://openalex.org/W7127930386","https://openalex.org/W7203919200","https://openalex.org/W7163386906","https://openalex.org/W4386566622","https://openalex.org/W4312966721","https://openalex.org/W7202039369","https://openalex.org/W7214069806","https://openalex.org/W7208550522","https://openalex.org/W4294839533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,75,226],"present":[1],"a":[2,35,42,65],"family":[3],"of":[4,141,146,185,218,260],"retrieval":[5],"methods":[6],"for":[7,161,165],"Polish":[8,98],"statutory":[9,19],"law":[10],"built":[11],"on":[12,29,90,197,249],"document":[13],"surrogates:":[14],"language-model":[15,52],"annotations":[16],"attached":[17],"to":[18,221,236],"articles":[20,115],"at":[21,128,153,172,183,203],"index":[22],"time.":[23],"Three":[24],"designs":[25],"occupy":[26],"different":[27],"points":[28,217],"the":[30,94,111,125,173,206,212,222,230,242,261,268],"cost-quality":[31],"frontier.":[32],"ASCR":[33],"is":[34,170,181],"surrogate":[36],"cascade":[37],"with":[38,54,106],"reranking;":[39],"ASCR-H":[40,123],"fuses":[41],"dense":[43,58,166],"list":[44],"into":[45],"that":[46,229],"cascade;":[47],"and":[48,57,64,84,96,100,163,175,187,192,208,245,253,274,279],"DTF":[49,195,240],"replaces":[50],"both":[51],"stages":[53],"three":[55,78,246],"lexical":[56],"retrievers,":[59],"weighted":[60],"reciprocal":[61],"rank":[62,129],"fusion,":[63],"deterministic":[66],"re-scoring":[67],"prior,":[68],"using":[69],"no":[70],"model":[71],"call":[72],"before":[73],"generation.":[74],"evaluate":[76],"all":[77],"against":[79,159],"fourteen":[80],"lexical,":[81],"dense,":[82],"fused":[83],"ablated":[85],"baselines":[86],"plus":[87],"four":[88],"controls,":[89],"300":[91],"questions":[92],"from":[93,116],"2024":[95],"2025":[97],"bar":[99],"legal":[101],"counsel":[102],"entrance":[103],"examinations":[104],"(264":[105],"their":[107],"reference":[108,126,265],"article":[109],"in":[110,150,267],"corpus),":[112],"over":[113],"82,508":[114],"1,133":[117],"acts.":[118],"On":[119],"paired":[120,280],"McNemar":[121],"tests,":[122],"places":[124],"provision":[127,266],"one":[130,140,186,204],"significantly":[131],"more":[132],"often":[133],"than":[134,210],"every":[135,264],"other":[136],"non-oracle":[137],"configuration":[138],"except":[139],"its":[142,151],"own":[143],"ablations":[144],"(eighteen":[145],"twenty":[147,194],"comparisons":[148],"significant":[149,182],"favour":[152],"p":[154],"<":[155],"0.005),":[156],"reaching":[157],"72.3%":[158],"61.7%":[160],"BM25":[162],"52.3%":[164],"retrieval.":[167],"The":[168],"advantage":[169,232],"concentrated":[171],"head":[174],"does":[176,233],"not":[177,234],"survive":[178],"depth:":[179],"it":[180],"cutoffs":[184],"five,":[188],"disappears":[189],"by":[190,193],"ten,":[191],"leads":[196],"point":[198],"estimate":[199],"(86.0%":[200],"versus":[201],"84.5%)":[202],"ninth":[205],"latency":[207],"less":[209],"half":[211],"cost.":[213],"Ablation":[214],"attributes":[215],"27.6":[216],"rank-one":[219],"accuracy":[220],"reranking":[223],"stage":[224],"alone.":[225],"further":[227],"report":[228],"ranking":[231],"extend":[235],"citation":[237],"accuracy,":[238],"where":[239],"matches":[241],"oracle":[243],"ceiling,":[244],"negative":[247],"results":[248],"lemmatisation,":[250],"pseudo-relevance":[251],"feedback":[252],"query":[254],"rewriting.":[255],"Surrogate":[256],"annotation":[257],"covers":[258],"27.0%":[259],"corpus":[262],"but":[263],"benchmark,":[269],"an":[270],"asymmetry":[271],"we":[272],"disclose":[273],"discuss.":[275],"Benchmark,":[276],"per-question":[277],"outputs":[278],"significance":[281],"tests":[282],"are":[283],"publicly":[284],"available.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}