{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204934296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","title":"Mineralogical Features and Distribution Patterns of Critical Metals During the Beneficiation of Polymetallic Ores","display_name":"Mineralogical Features and Distribution Patterns of Critical Metals During the Beneficiation of Polymetallic Ores","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204934296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16090885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030986395","display_name":"Larissa Kushakova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5553-1429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5553-1429","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0444-792X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103772","display_name":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals","ror":"https://ror.org/024n1jd19","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larissa Kushakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5553-1429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046428306","display_name":"Anastassiya P. Miroshnikova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-7049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-7049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103772","display_name":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals","ror":"https://ror.org/024n1jd19","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastassiya Miroshnikova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153878481","display_name":"Dinara B. Kassymova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0937-8477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0937-8477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103772","display_name":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals","ror":"https://ror.org/024n1jd19","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinara Kassymova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0937-8477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080052682","display_name":"Feruza A. Berdikulova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-4346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-4346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446395","display_name":"National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05ekffz43","country_code":"KZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feruza Berdikulova","raw_affiliation_strings":["RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148868484","display_name":"Aizhan Dauletbay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446395","display_name":"National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05ekffz43","country_code":"KZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizhan Dauletbay","raw_affiliation_strings":["RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011438057","display_name":"A. G. Khamidulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-7971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-7971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446395","display_name":"National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05ekffz43","country_code":"KZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aigerim Khamidulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSE \u201cNational Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan\u201d, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080052682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446395"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":1.5974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75414542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"885","last_page":"885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.4343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.4343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.421099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.08269999921321869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-metals","display_name":"critical metals","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymetallic-ores","display_name":"polymetallic ores","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-separation","display_name":"gravity separation","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flotation","display_name":"flotation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bismuth","display_name":"bismuth","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium","display_name":"indium","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobalt","display_name":"cobalt","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tellurium","display_name":"tellurium","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhenium","display_name":"rhenium","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sphalerite","display_name":"sphalerite","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galena","display_name":"galena","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrrhotite","display_name":"pyrrhotite","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-telluride","display_name":"silver telluride","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-distribution","display_name":"metal distribution","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105006","display_name":"Sphalerite","level":3,"score":0.9377999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138782731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2782134","display_name":"Beneficiation","level":2,"score":0.9171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781139676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37559","display_name":"Galena","level":4,"score":0.7501999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533668322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942","display_name":"Bismuth","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7145564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100977","display_name":"Ore genesis","level":4,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44514898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563681","display_name":"Gravity separation","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779526359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191222","display_name":"Cassiterite","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25115569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995444","display_name":"Mineral processing","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776062231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50769","display_name":"Pyrite","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946","display_name":"Mineral","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543292547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094","display_name":"Indium","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778188036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111044","display_name":"Chalcopyrite","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778548315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109746","display_name":"Realgar","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16090885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16090885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970688872","https://openalex.org/W2014813086","https://openalex.org/W2026986830","https://openalex.org/W2092213905","https://openalex.org/W2232897174","https://openalex.org/W3160164772","https://openalex.org/W4323568296","https://openalex.org/W4401023056","https://openalex.org/W4403997624","https://openalex.org/W7138878699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215042600","https://openalex.org/W4379471223","https://openalex.org/W4408446343","https://openalex.org/W3208508520","https://openalex.org/W7212065977","https://openalex.org/W7154571302","https://openalex.org/W7203701390","https://openalex.org/W2357920626","https://openalex.org/W7138878699","https://openalex.org/W7149381039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,44,49,72,81,101,114,163,167,200,210,219,228,262,288],"mineralogical":[2,50,82,115,191,272],"form":[3,83,273],"of":[4,6,47,52,54,74,84,86,120,128,166,227,235,264,274,291],"occurrence":[5,53,85,275],"critical":[7,88,121,168,265],"metals":[8,89,122,266],"is":[9,267],"widely":[10],"recognised":[11],"as":[12,107,162,173],"a":[13,108,232,283],"key":[14],"factor":[15],"controlling":[16],"their":[17,64,91,271],"recovery":[18],"during":[19,123],"beneficiation,":[20],"this":[21,75,112],"relationship":[22],"has":[23],"rarely":[24],"been":[25],"verified":[26],"directly":[27],"on":[28],"freshly":[29],"mined":[30],"ore":[31,280],"and":[32,61,68,95,103,117,125,141,157,181,194,204,214,216,223,245,250],"its":[33],"primary":[34],"beneficiation":[35,127,147],"products":[36,148,221,230],"from":[37,100,131],"Central":[38],"Asian":[39],"polymetallic":[40,129,292],"deposits.":[41],"This":[42],"raises":[43],"research":[45],"question":[46],"how":[48,80],"mode":[51],"Bi,":[55],"In,":[56],"Cd,":[57],"Co,":[58],"Se,":[59],"Te":[60],"Re":[62],"governs":[63],"distribution":[65,92,118,145,187,263],"between":[66],"gravity":[67,124],"flotation":[69,96,126],"products.":[70],"Accordingly,":[71],"aim":[73],"study":[76],"was":[77,149,188],"to":[78],"establish":[79],"these":[87,132],"determines":[90],"among":[93,146],"gravity-concentration":[94,229],"products,":[97],"using":[98],"ores":[99,130],"Zhuantobe":[102],"Strezhanskoe":[104],"deposits":[105,133],"(Kazakhstan)":[106],"case":[109],"study.":[110],"To":[111],"end,":[113],"features":[116],"patterns":[119],"were":[134,160,196],"investigated":[135],"by":[136,151,190,270,278],"optical":[137],"microscopy,":[138],"X-ray":[139],"diffraction,":[140],"SEM-EDS,":[142],"while":[143],"metal":[144],"determined":[150],"chemical":[152],"analysis.":[153],"Sphalerite,":[154],"galena,":[155],"pyrrhotite,":[156],"silver":[158],"tellurides":[159],"identified":[161],"main":[164],"carriers":[165],"metals,":[169],"with":[170,237,243,252],"bismuth":[171,208,242],"occurring":[172],"an":[174],"isomorphic":[175],"admixture":[176],"in":[177,199,209,218],"sphalerite":[178,238,246],"(3.69":[179],"wt.%)":[180],"galena":[182,244],"(1.85":[183],"wt.%).":[184],"During":[185],"flotation,":[186],"governed":[189,268],"affinity:":[192],"cadmium":[193,236],"indium":[195],"preferentially":[197],"concentrated":[198],"zinc":[201],"concentrate":[202,212],"(56.31%":[203],"15.44%":[205],"recovery,":[206],"respectively),":[207],"copper\u2013lead":[211],"(23.03%),":[213],"selenium":[215],"rhenium":[217],"copper-bearing":[220],"(23.60%":[222],"37.05%).":[224],"Correlation":[225],"analysis":[226],"confirmed":[231],"close":[233],"association":[234],"(R2":[239,247,255],"=":[240,248,256],"0.9998),":[241],"0.9674),":[249],"cobalt":[251],"iron-bearing":[253],"sulfides":[254],"0.9144).":[257],"These":[258],"results":[259],"demonstrate":[260],"that":[261],"primarily":[269],"rather":[276],"than":[277],"bulk":[279],"content,":[281],"providing":[282],"basis":[284],"for":[285,287],"technologies":[286],"complex":[289],"processing":[290],"ores.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}