{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204932142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","title":"Associations of eHealth Literacy with Diabetes Self-Efficacy and Glycemic Parameters in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Associations of eHealth Literacy with Diabetes Self-Efficacy and Glycemic Parameters in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204932142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14172806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070119052","display_name":"Kemal Ozan Lule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-9663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-9663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Ozan L\u00fcle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-9663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050292078","display_name":"S\u00fcmeyye Ak\u00e7oban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-8140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-8140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46000314","display_name":"Mustafa Kemal University","ror":"https://ror.org/056hcgc41","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46000314"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00fcmeyye Ak\u00e7oban","raw_affiliation_strings":["K\u0131r\u0131khan Vocational School of Health Services, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31440, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-8140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K\u0131r\u0131khan Vocational School of Health Services, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31440, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46000314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121289590","display_name":"Aylin Berk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1914-1132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1914-1132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aylin Berk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nursing Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nursing Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076024969","display_name":"Ne\u015fe Ataman Bor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4308-9362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4308-9362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160534799","display_name":"Hakkari University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nddb461","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160534799"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ne\u015fe Ataman Bor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160534799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090389876","display_name":"Soner Ber\u015fe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-3216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-3216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soner Ber\u015fe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-3216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070119052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69525198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"17","first_page":"2806","last_page":"2806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.22349999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ehealth-literacy","display_name":"digital health literacy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-efficacy","display_name":"diabetes self-efficacy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes","display_name":"prediabetes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-duration","display_name":"disease duration","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-management","display_name":"diabetes self-management","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2087205","display_name":"Prediabetes","level":4,"score":0.930899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.8673999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.772599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.7242000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.705299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778843546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097973","display_name":"Health literacy","level":3,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14172806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42736963","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13566348","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13566348/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13566348/pdf/healthcare-14-02806.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14172806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14172806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8889330625534058}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325411","display_name":"Gaziantep \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967390644","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2057481647","https://openalex.org/W2337454357","https://openalex.org/W2940063539","https://openalex.org/W3089119265","https://openalex.org/W3116592557","https://openalex.org/W3174832828","https://openalex.org/W4313262823","https://openalex.org/W4313392468","https://openalex.org/W4322750995","https://openalex.org/W4383215195","https://openalex.org/W4389560718","https://openalex.org/W4390062771","https://openalex.org/W4391051622","https://openalex.org/W4391328524","https://openalex.org/W4394758564","https://openalex.org/W4394763009","https://openalex.org/W4401833005","https://openalex.org/W4404575303","https://openalex.org/W4405511896","https://openalex.org/W4406981188","https://openalex.org/W4408995560","https://openalex.org/W4409008193","https://openalex.org/W4409380229","https://openalex.org/W4413846702","https://openalex.org/W4414491439","https://openalex.org/W4417427455"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"eHealth":[1,40,78,110,176,192,212],"literacy":[2,41,111,177,193,213],"may":[3,203],"support":[4],"diabetes":[5,11,28,52,116,181,197],"self-management,":[6],"but":[7],"its":[8],"relationships":[9],"with":[10,25,47,61,115,132,140,146,161,196],"self-efficacy":[12,117,143,182,198],"and":[13,31,33,42,84,90,102,178,199,214],"glycemic":[14,215],"outcomes":[15],"remain":[16],"unclear.":[17],"This":[18,55,186],"study":[19,57,187],"examined":[20],"these":[21],"associations":[22],"among":[23],"adults":[24,60],"type":[26],"2":[27],"mellitus":[29],"(T2DM)":[30],"prediabetes":[32,64],"evaluated":[34],"whether":[35],"the":[36,77,207],"observed":[37,208],"association":[38,50,131,174,210],"between":[39,175,211],"HbA1c":[43,89,133,148,163,179],"was":[44,112,134,144,159,183],"statistically":[45],"consistent":[46],"an":[48,66],"indirect":[49,173],"through":[51,180],"self-efficacy.":[53],"Methods:":[54],"cross-sectional":[56,218],"included":[58],"273":[59],"T2DM":[62],"or":[63,224],"attending":[65],"internal":[67],"medicine":[68],"outpatient":[69],"clinic":[70],"in":[71],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[72],"Data":[73],"were":[74,95,107],"collected":[75],"using":[76],"Literacy":[79],"Scale,":[80,83],"Diabetes":[81],"Self-Efficacy":[82],"a":[85],"clinical":[86],"characteristics":[87],"form;":[88],"fasting":[91],"plasma":[92],"glucose":[93],"values":[94],"obtained":[96],"from":[97],"medical":[98],"records.":[99],"Correlation,":[100],"regression,":[101],"bootstrapped":[103],"statistical":[104,172,209],"indirect-association":[105],"analyses":[106],"performed.":[108],"Results:":[109],"positively":[113],"associated":[114,145,160,195],"(rho":[118],"=":[119,125,150,153,165,168],"0.310,":[120],"p":[121,127,152,167],"<":[122,128],"0.001;":[123],"\u03b2":[124],"0.345,":[126],"0.001).":[129],"Its":[130],"non-significant":[135],"after":[136],"adjustment.":[137],"Among":[138],"participants":[139],"T2DM,":[141],"higher":[142,162],"lower":[147],"(\u03b2":[149,164],"\u22120.224,":[151],"0.026),":[154],"whereas":[155],"longer":[156],"disease":[157],"duration":[158],"0.201,":[166],"0.023).":[169],"A":[170],"significant":[171],"observed.":[184],"Conclusions:":[185],"provides":[188],"correlational":[189],"evidence":[190],"that":[191,200],"is":[194],"this":[201],"relationship":[202],"partly":[204],"account":[205],"for":[206],"control.":[216],"The":[217],"design":[219],"precludes":[220],"conclusions":[221],"regarding":[222],"temporal":[223],"causal":[225],"mediation.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
