{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204930919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","title":"Schwa in the Sound Production of EFL Freshmen: Heavily Accented English","display_name":"Schwa in the Sound Production of EFL Freshmen: Heavily Accented English","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204930919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54246/d9rs4f32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","pdf_url":"https://journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/elwahat/article/download/1982/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052234","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a","issn_l":"1112-7163","issn":["1112-7163","2588-1892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115782","host_organization_name":"University of Ghardaia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"El-Wahat Journal for Research and Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/elwahat/article/download/1982/503","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119903650","display_name":"Mohammed Debabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253896","display_name":"University Center of Barika","ror":"https://ror.org/016jwfw49","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253896"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Debabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University Center of Barika (Algeria), Institute of Letters and Languages,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University Center of Barika (Algeria), Institute of Letters and Languages,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119903650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253896"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61689629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwa","display_name":"schwa","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-pronunciation","display_name":"EFL pronunciation","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-vowels","display_name":"reduced vowels","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation-errors","display_name":"pronunciation errors","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-errors","display_name":"transcription errors","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation-teaching","display_name":"pronunciation teaching","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209316","display_name":"Schwa","level":3,"score":0.9642000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.8194000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780673583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1110362","display_name":"Vowel length","level":3,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777853878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743569","display_name":"Phonetic transcription","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779879116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754984","display_name":"Sound change","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137584468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35395","display_name":"Phonetics","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47385372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098943","display_name":"Optimal distinctiveness theory","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986378755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a foreign language","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54246/d9rs4f32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","pdf_url":"https://journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/elwahat/article/download/1982/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052234","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a","issn_l":"1112-7163","issn":["1112-7163","2588-1892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115782","host_organization_name":"University of Ghardaia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"El-Wahat Journal for Research and Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz:article/1982","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/index/article/view/1982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052234","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a","issn_l":"1112-7163","issn":["1112-7163","2588-1892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115782","host_organization_name":"University of Ghardaia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1112-7163","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54246/d9rs4f32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54246/d9rs4f32","pdf_url":"https://journals.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/elwahat/article/download/1982/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052234","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a","issn_l":"1112-7163","issn":["1112-7163","2588-1892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115782","host_organization_name":"University of Ghardaia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"El-Wahat Journal for Research and Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204930919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204930919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167208419","https://openalex.org/W4206693348","https://openalex.org/W4389320385","https://openalex.org/W7215348633","https://openalex.org/W2185088166","https://openalex.org/W4414264836","https://openalex.org/W7011680480","https://openalex.org/W4403497293","https://openalex.org/W2986183992","https://openalex.org/W7061790853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pronunciation":[0],"of":[1,20,39,46,71,129,138],"words":[2,90,132],"with":[3,28,54,91,116,133,145],"schwa":[4,72,92],"sound":[5,41],"is":[6],"a":[7,17,100],"challenging":[8],"task":[9],"for":[10],"many":[11,43],"EFL":[12,25,64,111],"learners,":[13],"as":[14],"it":[15],"constitutes":[16],"major":[18],"source":[19],"mispronunciation":[21],"and":[22],"foreign":[23],"sounding.":[24],"students,":[26],"mainly":[27],"limited":[29],"exposure":[30],"to":[31,35,61,78,82,88,105],"native-speakers":[32],"speech,":[33],"fail":[34],"notice":[36],"the":[37,67,80,121,126],"behavior":[38],"this":[40,142],"in":[42,73,94],"orthographic":[44,69],"aspects":[45],"words.":[47,74],"Consequently,":[48],"their":[49],"spoken":[50],"output":[51],"becomes":[52],"replete":[53],"deviant":[55],"forms.":[56],"This":[57],"paper,":[58],"hence,":[59],"aims":[60],"explore":[62],"how":[63],"freshmen":[65,112],"perceive":[66],"different":[68,95],"representations":[70],"It":[75],"also":[76],"attempts":[77],"assess":[79],"extent":[81],"which":[83],"these":[84],"students":[85],"are":[86],"able":[87],"pronounce":[89],"occurring":[93],"positions.":[96],"To":[97],"collect":[98],"data,":[99],"pronunciation":[101],"test":[102],"was":[103],"administered":[104],"53":[106],"freshmen.":[107],"Findings":[108],"confirm":[109],"that":[110],"confuse":[113],"vowel":[114,118],"letters":[115],"reduced":[117],"sounds.":[119],"Additionally,":[120],"transcription":[122],"inaccuracies":[123],"made":[124],"reflect":[125],"participants\u2019":[127],"habit":[128],"pronouncing":[130],"English":[131],"an":[134],"accent":[135],"most":[136],"typical":[137],"French":[139],"language.":[140],"Correspondingly,":[141],"paper":[143],"concludes":[144],"some":[146],"pedagogical":[147],"implications.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}