{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204909542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","title":"Green Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Chlorella vulgaris Extracts with High Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties","display_name":"Green Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Chlorella vulgaris Extracts with High Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204909542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42737702","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13565946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27177803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073621081","display_name":"Beyzanur Erk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-7224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-7224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121333","display_name":"Istinye University","ror":"https://ror.org/03081nz23","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121333"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beyzanur Erk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, \u0130stinye University, 34396 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-7224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, \u0130stinye University, 34396 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121333"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061038440","display_name":"Beng\u00fc Erg\u00fcden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-3474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-3474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109297418","display_name":"Gebze Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdnnq10","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109297418"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beng\u00fc Erg\u00fcden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-3474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109297418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061038440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109297418"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"17","first_page":"7803","last_page":"7803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12416","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zirconia-nanoparticles","display_name":"zirconia nanoparticles","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-synthesis","display_name":"green synthesis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorella-vulgaris","display_name":"Chlorella vulgaris","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae-extracts","display_name":"microalgae extracts","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-activity","display_name":"antifungal activity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-content","display_name":"phenolic content","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoid-content","display_name":"flavonoid content","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-temperature","display_name":"culture temperature","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoperiod","display_name":"photoperiod","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccharomyces-cerevisiae","display_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.9929999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.6843000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.5914999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992619708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309972","display_name":"Chlorella vulgaris","level":3,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11432220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1975334","display_name":"Dispersity","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14631669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896108","display_name":"Dynamic light scattering","level":3,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31499863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905762","display_name":"Silver nanoparticle","level":3,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534791751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038","display_name":"Zirconium","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193521","display_name":"Titanium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000935","descriptor_name":"Antifungal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000935","descriptor_name":"Antifungal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000935","descriptor_name":"Antifungal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005419","descriptor_name":"Flavonoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010936","descriptor_name":"Plant Extracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010936","descriptor_name":"Plant Extracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014961","descriptor_name":"X-Ray Diffraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015040","descriptor_name":"Zirconium","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015040","descriptor_name":"Zirconium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017550","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048408","descriptor_name":"Chlorella vulgaris","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053768","descriptor_name":"Metal Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055772","descriptor_name":"Green Chemistry Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27177803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13565946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13565946/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13565946/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Mol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42737702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42737702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27177803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204909542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204909542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968412842","https://openalex.org/W2252873804","https://openalex.org/W2468120085","https://openalex.org/W2947578925","https://openalex.org/W3001976250","https://openalex.org/W3007498157","https://openalex.org/W3025790185","https://openalex.org/W3033494642","https://openalex.org/W3109691910","https://openalex.org/W3127271132","https://openalex.org/W3128230175","https://openalex.org/W3129823399","https://openalex.org/W3130606895","https://openalex.org/W3132812400","https://openalex.org/W3165841481","https://openalex.org/W3185399543","https://openalex.org/W3186289527","https://openalex.org/W4200236758","https://openalex.org/W4200274804","https://openalex.org/W4205818685","https://openalex.org/W4206319741","https://openalex.org/W4214510903","https://openalex.org/W4283168616","https://openalex.org/W4283742772","https://openalex.org/W4283788182","https://openalex.org/W4300690099","https://openalex.org/W4306745293","https://openalex.org/W4313367818","https://openalex.org/W4365444137","https://openalex.org/W4377140620","https://openalex.org/W4383550969","https://openalex.org/W4391749665","https://openalex.org/W4392146007","https://openalex.org/W4393199190","https://openalex.org/W4399976521","https://openalex.org/W4400777624","https://openalex.org/W4400953307","https://openalex.org/W4405276885","https://openalex.org/W4407712558","https://openalex.org/W4409327896","https://openalex.org/W4409438372","https://openalex.org/W4409723601","https://openalex.org/W4416222241","https://openalex.org/W4416417625","https://openalex.org/W7123769220","https://openalex.org/W7125681878","https://openalex.org/W7125936669","https://openalex.org/W7134107516","https://openalex.org/W7153997120","https://openalex.org/W7171646878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7149967903","https://openalex.org/W7149474348","https://openalex.org/W7171646878","https://openalex.org/W7214806159","https://openalex.org/W4411226384","https://openalex.org/W7167824536","https://openalex.org/W4406146319","https://openalex.org/W4405276885","https://openalex.org/W4285280329","https://openalex.org/W4395014382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Green":[0],"synthesis":[1,58,246,264],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,16,209,211],"a":[5,71,98,162],"sustainable":[6],"alternative":[7],"to":[8,49,129],"conventional":[9],"nanoparticle":[10,90,253],"production":[11],"by":[12,103,222],"utilizing":[13],"biological":[14,256],"resources":[15],"reducing":[17],"and":[18,33,46,83,86,101,116,138,150,172,175,198,201,205,217,244,255],"stabilizing":[19],"agents.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"extracts":[24],"of":[25,59,145,241,248,261],"Chlorella":[26],"vulgaris":[27,243],"cultured":[28],"at":[29,67,224],"different":[30],"incubation":[31,223],"temperatures":[32],"light":[34,105],"periods":[35],"were":[36,94],"evaluated":[37],"for":[38,55,89,227,265],"their":[39],"total":[40,43],"phenolic":[41,171],"content,":[42,45],"flavonoid":[44,84,173],"antioxidant":[47,81,178],"capacity":[48],"identify":[50],"the":[51,56,79,143,182,187,231,245,249,259],"most":[52],"suitable":[53],"extract":[54,65],"green":[57,99,263],"zirconium":[60],"dioxide":[61],"(ZrO2)":[62],"nanoparticles.":[63],"The":[64,166],"prepared":[66],"25":[68],"\u00b0C":[69,226],"under":[70],"12":[72,228],"h":[73,75,229],"light/12":[74],"dark":[76],"photoperiod":[77],"exhibited":[78,176],"highest":[80],"activity":[82,179,192,213],"content":[85],"was":[87],"selected":[88],"synthesis.":[91],"ZrO2":[92,146],"nanoparticles":[93,168,188,250],"successfully":[95],"synthesized":[96,167,221],"using":[97],"approach":[100],"characterized":[102],"dynamic":[104],"scattering":[106],"(DLS),":[107],"Fourier-transform":[108],"infrared":[109],"spectroscopy":[110],"(FTIR),":[111],"scanning":[112],"electron":[113],"microscopy":[114],"(SEM)":[115],"X-Ray":[117],"diffraction":[118],"(XRD).":[119],"DLS":[120],"analysis":[121,141],"revealed":[122],"hydrodynamic":[123],"particle":[124],"sizes":[125],"ranging":[126],"from":[127],"419":[128],"570":[130],"nm":[131],"with":[132,161,181],"polydispersity":[133],"index":[134],"values":[135],"between":[136],"0.27":[137],"0.44.":[139],"FTIR":[140],"confirmed":[142],"formation":[144],"through":[147],"characteristic":[148],"Zr\u2013O":[149],"Zr\u2013O\u2013Zr":[151],"vibrational":[152],"bands,":[153],"while":[154],"SEM":[155],"images":[156],"demonstrated":[157,189],"predominantly":[158],"spherical":[159],"particles":[160],"heterogeneous":[163],"size":[164],"distribution.":[165],"retained":[169],"considerable":[170],"contents":[174],"enhanced":[177],"compared":[180],"corresponding":[183],"algal":[184],"extracts.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"broad-spectrum":[190],"antibacterial":[191],"against":[193,214],"both":[194],"Gram-positive":[195],"(Staphylococcus":[196],"aureus":[197],"Bacillus":[199],"subtilis)":[200],"Gram-negative":[202],"(Escherichia":[203],"coli":[204],"Pseudomonas":[206],"aeruginosa)":[207],"bacteria,":[208],"well":[210],"antifungal":[212],"Candida":[215],"albicans":[216],"Saccharomyces":[218],"cerevisiae.":[219],"Nanoparticles":[220],"40":[225],"showed":[230],"strongest":[232],"antimicrobial":[233,269],"activity.":[234],"These":[235],"findings":[236],"demonstrate":[237],"that":[238],"cultivation":[239],"conditions":[240,247],"C.":[242],"significantly":[251],"influence":[252],"properties":[254],"activity,":[257],"highlighting":[258],"potential":[260],"microalgae-mediated":[262],"developing":[266],"environmentally":[267],"friendly":[268],"nanomaterials.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
