{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204907974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","title":"When LLM Meets Tree Search: A Systematic View of Inference as Search in Large Language Models","display_name":"When LLM Meets Tree Search: A Systematic View of Inference as Search in Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204907974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-emnlp.643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096085","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-emnlp.643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121124103","display_name":"Jiaqi Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","Zhejiang University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123347262","display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121062208","display_name":"Yuejin Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuejin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University ,","Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148893070","display_name":"Wenxuan Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University ,","Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020702039","display_name":"Juntai Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntai Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148839654","display_name":"Sheng Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University ,","Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552401","display_name":"Xiang Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-1476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-1476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060075172","display_name":"Zhangyang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-6083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-6083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138773421","display_name":"Muhammad Abdul-Mageed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdul-Mageed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148932931","display_name":"Laks VS Lakshmanan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laks V. S. Lakshmanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122238409","display_name":"Chenyu You","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137037507","display_name":"Wanli Ouyang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125519955","display_name":"Siqi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9405-0617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9405-0617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University ,","Shanghai AI Laboratory ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69629046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13488","last_page":"13543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6215999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6215999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2883000075817108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-search","display_name":"tree search","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-time-scaling","display_name":"test-time scaling","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-of-thought","display_name":"chain-of-thought","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploration-exploitation-trade-off","display_name":"exploration-exploitation balance","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-based-control","display_name":"sampling-based control","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7838000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166088908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308495","display_name":"Abductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95167961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4483495","display_name":"Fiducial inference","level":5,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-emnlp.643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096085","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.30395","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30395","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30395","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.30395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.30395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.findings-emnlp.643","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-emnlp.643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096085","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204907974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204907974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414803857","https://openalex.org/W4414969457","https://openalex.org/W4416113464","https://openalex.org/W7127150031","https://openalex.org/W7203569270","https://openalex.org/W4407184659","https://openalex.org/W6910523324","https://openalex.org/W7165773081","https://openalex.org/W7171938522","https://openalex.org/W7140221594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"pretraining":[1],"scaling":[2],"laws":[3],"approach":[4],"saturation,":[5],"Test-Time":[6],"Scaling":[7],"(TTS)":[8],"has":[9],"emerged":[10],"as":[11,34,70],"an":[12],"important":[13],"direction":[14],"for":[15],"improving":[16],"reasoning":[17,41],"by":[18],"allocating":[19],"inference-time":[20],"compute":[21],"to":[22,82,120],"a":[23,28,37,97,102,116],"fixed":[24],"model":[25],"prior.Viewed":[26],"at":[27],"high":[29],"level,":[30],"TTS":[31],"reframes":[32],"inference":[33,69],"search":[35,81,107],"over":[36],"space":[38],"of":[39],"partial":[40],"states.While":[42],"Chainof-Thought":[43],"(CoT)":[44],"exposes":[45],"intermediate":[46],"steps,":[47],"common":[48],"instantiations":[49],"rely":[50],"on":[51],"single-trajectory":[52],"decoding,":[53],"limiting":[54],"recovery":[55],"from":[56,79],"early":[57],"errors":[58],"and":[59,111,114,125],"exploration.This":[60],"survey":[61],"systematizes":[62],"recent":[63],"progress":[64],"in":[65],"tree-search-based":[66],"reasoning,":[67],"viewing":[68],"instance-specific":[71],"optimization":[72],"rather":[73],"than":[74],"decoding.We":[75],"trace":[76],"the":[77],"evolution":[78],"uninformed":[80],"Monte":[83],"Carlo":[84],"Tree":[85],"Search":[86],"(MCTS),":[87],"highlighting":[88],"how":[89],"sampling-based":[90],"control":[91,112],"supports":[92],"principled":[93],"exploration-exploitation":[94],"trade-offs.To":[95],"unify":[96],"fragmented":[98],"literature,":[99],"we":[100],"introduce":[101],"Unified":[103],"Design":[104],"Space":[105],"spanning":[106],"topology,":[108],"evaluation":[109],"signals,":[110],"dynamics,":[113],"advocate":[115],"standardized":[117],"compute-reporting":[118],"abstraction":[119],"make":[121],"compute-accuracy":[122],"tradeoffs":[123],"explicit":[124],"comparable.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
