{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204906176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","title":"Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells","display_name":"Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204906176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41867750","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13001478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677113","display_name":"Biophotonics discovery.","issn_l":"3005-4745","issn":["3005-4745"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophotonics Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001268512","display_name":"Jeremiah M. Riendeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-2849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-2849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29680605","display_name":"Morgridge Institute for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb4rb43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah M. Riendeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge Institute for Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-2849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge Institute for Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116906774","display_name":"Lucia Hockerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29680605","display_name":"Morgridge Institute for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb4rb43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Hockerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge Institute for Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge Institute for Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059907358","display_name":"Elizabeth M. Maly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29680605","display_name":"Morgridge Institute for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb4rb43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Maly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge Institute for Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge Institute for Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073401098","display_name":"Kayvan Samimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-612X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-612X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29680605","display_name":"Morgridge Institute for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb4rb43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayvan Samimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge Institute for Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-612X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge Institute for Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084628898","display_name":"Melissa C. Skala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-7637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-7637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29680605","display_name":"Morgridge Institute for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb4rb43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melissa C. Skala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge Institute for Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge Institute for Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001268512","https://openalex.org/A5084628898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29680605"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58780783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"03","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy","display_name":"fluorescence lifetime imaging","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-metabolic-imaging","display_name":"optical metabolic imaging","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nad-p-h-autofluorescence","display_name":"NAD(P)H autofluorescence","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fad-autofluorescence","display_name":"FAD autofluorescence","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-cell-heterogeneity","display_name":"immune cell heterogeneity","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocytes","display_name":"monocytes","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/label-free-metabolic-imaging","display_name":"label-free metabolic imaging","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunophenotyping","display_name":"immunophenotyping","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phorbol-myristate-acetate","display_name":"phorbol myristate acetate","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionomycin","display_name":"ionomycin","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.8515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179687394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826281","display_name":"Autofluorescence","level":3,"score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196166836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902926","display_name":"Immunophenotyping","level":3,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776901170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12499775","display_name":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide","level":4,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16613235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285982","display_name":"Endogeny","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189014844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118","display_name":"Cell type","level":3,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211709","display_name":"Blood cell","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107244","display_name":"Monocyte","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19702531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929966","display_name":"Mononuclear phagocyte system","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28746","display_name":"Flavin adenine dinucleotide","level":4,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991704936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Cell metabolism","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169274487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840211","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777761686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715347","display_name":"Lymphocyte","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57477423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434196","display_name":"Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677113","display_name":"Biophotonics discovery.","issn_l":"3005-4745","issn":["3005-4745"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophotonics Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.03.06.710224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.06.710224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.06.710224","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/03/08/2026.03.06.710224.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13557457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13557457/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13557457/pdf/BIOS-003-035003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophotonics Discov","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41867750","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41867750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:42719456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42719456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophotonics discovery","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13001478","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13001478/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.bios.3.3.035003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677113","display_name":"Biophotonics discovery.","issn_l":"3005-4745","issn":["3005-4745"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophotonics Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5368579911","display_name":"NSF Engineering Research Center for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT)","funder_award_id":"1648035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000860577","display_name":"Label-free imaging of CAR T cell metabolism","funder_award_id":"R01CA278051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000903810","display_name":"Label-free single-cell imaging for quality control of cardiomyocyte biomanufacturing","funder_award_id":"R01HL165726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W976143625","https://openalex.org/W1508618954","https://openalex.org/W1511974199","https://openalex.org/W1892152977","https://openalex.org/W1953902819","https://openalex.org/W1969364921","https://openalex.org/W1992737632","https://openalex.org/W1999324987","https://openalex.org/W2025568741","https://openalex.org/W2026994239","https://openalex.org/W2056449924","https://openalex.org/W2061536528","https://openalex.org/W2078091226","https://openalex.org/W2081095187","https://openalex.org/W2085060041","https://openalex.org/W2092181208","https://openalex.org/W2107026277","https://openalex.org/W2111920179","https://openalex.org/W2129827453","https://openalex.org/W2134479430","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2141084316","https://openalex.org/W2146791037","https://openalex.org/W2160694063","https://openalex.org/W2261928305","https://openalex.org/W2296531152","https://openalex.org/W2600096157","https://openalex.org/W2611694282","https://openalex.org/W2755907400","https://openalex.org/W2770943031","https://openalex.org/W2783512689","https://openalex.org/W2806277779","https://openalex.org/W2849483034","https://openalex.org/W2868448281","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2896276853","https://openalex.org/W2940904702","https://openalex.org/W2941460673","https://openalex.org/W2953073283","https://openalex.org/W2966450051","https://openalex.org/W2966999141","https://openalex.org/W2988072201","https://openalex.org/W2995295740","https://openalex.org/W2998493318","https://openalex.org/W3009037973","https://openalex.org/W3010984856","https://openalex.org/W3014943546","https://openalex.org/W3045474441","https://openalex.org/W3083808048","https://openalex.org/W3128261063","https://openalex.org/W3160952001","https://openalex.org/W3201534241","https://openalex.org/W4214704097","https://openalex.org/W4220765052","https://openalex.org/W4280524541","https://openalex.org/W4286762116","https://openalex.org/W4295337801","https://openalex.org/W4308361273","https://openalex.org/W4320522680","https://openalex.org/W4320718707","https://openalex.org/W4382786958","https://openalex.org/W4388049585","https://openalex.org/W4392403404","https://openalex.org/W4400159325","https://openalex.org/W4402938998","https://openalex.org/W4405286857","https://openalex.org/W4406914470","https://openalex.org/W4409149021","https://openalex.org/W4413035056","https://openalex.org/W4414249398","https://openalex.org/W4414579216","https://openalex.org/W4415646818","https://openalex.org/W4416114508","https://openalex.org/W4417182299","https://openalex.org/W6912517022","https://openalex.org/W6949831108","https://openalex.org/W7128992485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317788436","https://openalex.org/W4409149021","https://openalex.org/W4408605170","https://openalex.org/W4392680992","https://openalex.org/W4324319996","https://openalex.org/W3134099357","https://openalex.org/W7170078209","https://openalex.org/W4386426653","https://openalex.org/W4313359265","https://openalex.org/W4411974805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Significance:":[0],"Standard":[1],"methods":[2],"to":[3,37,221],"characterize":[4,38,222],"peripheral":[5,230],"blood":[6,231],"mononuclear":[7],"cells":[8,147,212,227],"(PBMCs)":[9],"are":[10],"often":[11],"destructive,":[12],"lack":[13],"metabolic":[14,56,63,173,204,223],"information,":[15],"or":[16,61,93],"do":[17],"not":[18],"provide":[19,32],"single-cell":[20,27,81,110,168],"resolution.":[21],"Label-free":[22],"tools":[23],"that":[24,195],"non-destructively":[25],"measure":[26],"metabolism":[28,82],"within":[29,74,133,148,165,175,206,225],"PBMCs":[30,84,122,137,152],"can":[31,66,199],"new":[33,219],"layers":[34],"of":[35,54,83,112,172,191,210,232,242],"information":[36],"disease":[39,237],"state":[40,73,160],"and":[41,59,71,98,135,140,144,150,161,169,187,202,239],"cell":[42,69,114,163,243],"therapy":[43],"potential.":[44],"Aim:":[45],"Determine":[46],"whether":[47],"non-destructive":[48],"fluorescence":[49],"lifetime":[50,197],"imaging":[51,64,198],"microscopy":[52],"(FLIM)":[53],"endogenous":[55],"co-factors":[57],"NAD(P)H":[58],"FAD,":[60],"optical":[62],"(OMI),":[65],"identify":[67],"immune":[68,113,162,211,226],"subsets":[70],"activation":[72,159],"heterogeneous":[75],"PBMC":[76,177,183],"cultures.":[77],"Approach:":[78],"OMI":[79,117,157,180],"measured":[80],"from":[85,213,228],"3":[86],"different":[87],"human":[88,214],"donors":[89],"in":[90],"the":[91,229,240],"quiescent":[92,119,134,149],"activated":[94,121,136,151],"(phorbol":[95],"12-myristate":[96],"13-acetate":[97],"ionomycin)":[99],"state.":[100],"Fluorescent":[101],"antibodies":[102],"were":[103],"used":[104],"as":[105],"ground":[106],"truth":[107],"labels":[108],"for":[109,185],"classifiers":[111],"subtypes.":[115],"Results:":[116],"identified":[118,131,145],"vs.":[120],"with":[123,138,153],"93%":[124],"accuracy":[125],"at":[126],"only":[127],"2":[128],"hours":[129],"post-stimulation,":[130],"monocytes":[132],"96%":[139],"88%":[141],"accuracy,":[142],"respectively,":[143],"NK":[146],"74%":[154],"accuracy.":[155],"Conclusion:":[156],"identifies":[158],"subpopulations":[164,205],"PBMCs,":[166],"enabling":[167],"label-free":[170],"measurements":[171],"heterogeneity":[174],"complex":[176],"samples.":[178],"Therefore,":[179],"could":[181,235],"enhance":[182],"immunophenotyping":[184],"diagnostic":[186],"therapeutic":[188],"applications.":[189],"Statement":[190],"Discovery:":[192],"We":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"autofluorescence":[196],"resolve":[200],"functional":[201],"phenotypic":[203],"a":[207,218],"mixed":[208],"culture":[209],"blood.":[215],"This":[216],"provides":[217],"technique":[220],"activity":[224],"patients,":[233],"which":[234],"improve":[236],"diagnostics":[238],"production":[241],"therapies.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
