{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204904420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","title":"Sub-Connected Active RIS-Assisted UAV Communications: A DRL Approach for Joint Trajectory and Power Optimization","display_name":"Sub-Connected Active RIS-Assisted UAV Communications: A DRL Approach for Joint Trajectory and Power Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204904420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148893851","display_name":"Aiping Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qufu Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qufu Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100831868","display_name":"Tielin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2491-4136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2491-4136","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7545-9569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tielin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qufu Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qufu Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148888752","display_name":"Ning Kan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qufu Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qufu Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139006009","display_name":"Guangshun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-0637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-0637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qufu Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qufu Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139021573","display_name":"Junhua Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qufu Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qufu Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52521286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9146000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9146000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-reconfigurable-intelligent-surface","display_name":"active reconfigurable intelligent surface","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uav-communication","display_name":"UAV communication","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"trajectory optimization","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-allocation","display_name":"power allocation","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.70169997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3729557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139119693","https://openalex.org/W7214154669","https://openalex.org/W7161602776","https://openalex.org/W7204455491","https://openalex.org/W4407029413","https://openalex.org/W7211956392","https://openalex.org/W4327796581","https://openalex.org/W7165787943","https://openalex.org/W3203864028","https://openalex.org/W7164930729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"communications":[4],"offer":[5],"flexible":[6],"coverage":[7],"in":[8,168],"urban":[9],"environments":[10],"but":[11],"suffer":[12],"from":[13],"severe":[14],"path":[15],"loss":[16],"and":[17,43,73,91,94,110,154,176],"stringent":[18],"energy":[19,79,133,169],"constraints.":[20,100],"Although":[21],"active":[22,57],"reconfigurable":[23],"intelligent":[24],"surface":[25],"(RIS)":[26],"technology":[27],"can":[28],"mitigate":[29],"the":[30,126,136,149,155,159,174,179],"double":[31],"fading":[32],"effect":[33],"through":[34],"signal":[35],"amplification,":[36],"fully-connected":[37,137],"architectures":[38],"impose":[39],"prohibitive":[40],"hardware":[41],"costs":[42],"power":[44,96,142],"overhead":[45],"on":[46],"resource-constrained":[47],"UAV":[48,59,86,184],"platforms.":[49],"To":[50],"address":[51],"this,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"a":[55,67,106,113],"sub-connected":[56,128],"RIS-assisted":[58],"communication":[60],"system,":[61],"where":[62],"multiple":[63],"reflecting":[64],"elements":[65],"share":[66],"single":[68],"amplifier":[69],"to":[70],"balance":[71],"performance":[72],"implementation":[74],"complexity.":[75],"We":[76],"formulate":[77],"an":[78],"efficiency":[80,134],"maximization":[81],"problem":[82,102],"that":[83,125],"jointly":[84],"optimizes":[85],"trajectory,":[87],"RIS":[88],"phase":[89],"shifts":[90],"amplitude":[92],"coefficients,":[93],"transmit":[95],"allocation":[97],"under":[98],"quality-of-service":[99],"The":[101],"is":[103],"cast":[104],"as":[105],"Markov":[107],"decision":[108],"process":[109],"solved":[111],"via":[112],"twin":[114],"delayed":[115],"deep":[116],"deterministic":[117],"policy":[118],"gradient":[119],"(TD3)":[120],"algorithm.":[121],"Numerical":[122],"results":[123,172],"demonstrate":[124],"proposed":[127,180],"architecture":[129],"achieves":[130],"9.6%":[131],"higher":[132],"than":[135],"design,":[138],"while":[139],"its":[140],"total":[141],"consumption":[143],"increases":[144],"by":[145,166],"only":[146],"4.6%":[147],"across":[148],"full":[150],"rate":[151],"operating":[152],"range,":[153],"TD3-based":[156],"framework":[157],"outperforms":[158],"Deep":[160],"Deterministic":[161],"Policy":[162],"Gradient":[163],"(DDPG)":[164],"baseline":[165],"19.1%":[167],"efficiency.":[170],"These":[171],"validate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"practicality":[177],"of":[178],"system":[181],"for":[182],"energy-efficient":[183],"communications.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
