{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204903474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","title":"Barriers Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Examining Institutional Constraints on the Expansion of Women Leading SMEs","display_name":"Barriers Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Examining Institutional Constraints on the Expansion of Women Leading SMEs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204903474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jmc/article/download/99376/75099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674868","display_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus.","issn_l":"2976-1271","issn":["2976-1271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jmc/article/download/99376/75099","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032456130","display_name":"Amrit Kumar Sharma Gaire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5774-9264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5774-9264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160545","display_name":"Mid-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hf7ba61","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160545"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrit Kumar Sharma Gaire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mid-West University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5774-9264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mid-West University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160545"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092642251","display_name":"Dipak Singh Rawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5732-3313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5732-3313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160545","display_name":"Mid-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hf7ba61","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160545"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipak Singh Rawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mid-West University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5732-3313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mid-West University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160545"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160545"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-owned-smes","display_name":"women-owned SMEs","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-ceiling","display_name":"glass ceiling","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-barriers","display_name":"institutional barriers","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surkhet-district","display_name":"Surkhet district","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147887874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16252774","display_name":"Institutional theory","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779508350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6041185","display_name":"Institutional analysis","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778847159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730099","display_name":"New institutionalism","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jmc/article/download/99376/75099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674868","display_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus.","issn_l":"2976-1271","issn":["2976-1271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jmc.v4i1.99376","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jmc/article/download/99376/75099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674868","display_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus.","issn_l":"2976-1271","issn":["2976-1271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Musikot Campus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204903474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204903474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046970877","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2141536144","https://openalex.org/W2223470559","https://openalex.org/W2325720037","https://openalex.org/W2770129614","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2909427361","https://openalex.org/W2993223113","https://openalex.org/W3026670124","https://openalex.org/W3043689190","https://openalex.org/W3112817013","https://openalex.org/W3159673883","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4289782001","https://openalex.org/W4385213616","https://openalex.org/W4385438328","https://openalex.org/W4389476997","https://openalex.org/W4392106540","https://openalex.org/W4402056774","https://openalex.org/W4402813457","https://openalex.org/W4402931611","https://openalex.org/W4406768314","https://openalex.org/W4407381110","https://openalex.org/W4410220475","https://openalex.org/W4412997630","https://openalex.org/W4413318638","https://openalex.org/W4413372912","https://openalex.org/W4414610814","https://openalex.org/W7117681941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415983390","https://openalex.org/W4400288847","https://openalex.org/W6926299181","https://openalex.org/W7161296938","https://openalex.org/W7154684033","https://openalex.org/W4407596427","https://openalex.org/W4396847370","https://openalex.org/W7201984787","https://openalex.org/W7214707790","https://openalex.org/W7161115740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,170],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,24,71,100,159],"the":[4,10,16,56,85,91,147,180,183,189,203],"organizational":[5],"barriers":[6,42,145],"in":[7,96],"addition":[8],"to":[9,63,83,105,146,165,176,209],"traditional":[11],"glass":[12],"ceiling":[13],"that":[14,125,173,182],"encounters":[15],"development":[17,148],"of":[18,31,54,93,149,202],"women":[19,65,107],"entrepreneurs.":[20,108],"The":[21,67,122,169],"study":[22,68],"relies":[23],"four":[25],"important":[26],"institutional":[27,44,58,88,160,191],"variables,":[28],"including":[29],"quality":[30],"legal":[32,127],"and":[33,36,40,43,46,76,90,115,128,133,136,139,162,198,213],"regulation,":[34],"policy":[35,132,163],"fiscal":[37,134],"burden,":[38,135],"administrative":[39,138],"regulation":[41],"support":[45,89,161,185],"policy,":[47,177],"which":[48,178],"have":[49],"given":[50],"a":[51,72,77,101],"wholesome":[52],"picture":[53],"how":[55],"formal":[57],"structures":[59],"can":[60],"be":[61],"used":[62,82],"promote":[64],"entrepreneurship.":[66],"was":[69,81],"based":[70,99],"positivist":[73],"research":[74,79],"philosophy,":[75],"causal":[78],"design":[80],"explore":[84],"relationship":[86],"between":[87],"prevalence":[92],"women's":[94],"entrepreneurship":[95],"Surkhet":[97],"district,":[98],"structured":[102],"questionnaire":[103],"administered":[104],"378":[106],"In":[109],"PLS-SEM,":[110],"inferential":[111],"statistics":[112],"were":[113,118,154],"applied,":[114],"descriptive":[116],"Data":[117],"analyzed":[119],"using":[120],"SPSS.":[121],"results":[123],"indicate":[124],"inadequate":[126],"regulatory":[129,140,211],"quality,":[130],"high":[131],"excessive":[137],"restraints":[141],"are":[142,174],"very":[143],"serious":[144],"women-owned":[150,204],"SMEs.":[151],"Notably,":[152],"there":[153],"no":[155],"significant":[156],"direct":[157],"effects":[158],"frameworks":[164],"reduce":[166,210],"these":[167],"constraints.":[168],"makes":[171],"contributions":[172],"relevant":[175],"include":[179],"fact":[181],"special":[184],"programs":[186],"cannot":[187],"replace":[188],"structural":[190],"changes.":[192],"To":[193],"create":[194],"gender-sensitive":[195],"entrepreneurial":[196],"ecosystems":[197],"allow":[199],"sustainable":[200],"expansion":[201],"businesses,":[205],"it":[206],"is":[207],"necessary":[208],"inefficiencies":[212],"bureaucratic":[214],"burdens.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
