{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204901906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","title":"Clinical utility of \u03b1-glutathione S-transferase in hepatocellular injury: a review synthesis from clinical studies","display_name":"Clinical utility of \u03b1-glutathione S-transferase in hepatocellular injury: a review synthesis from clinical studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204901906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122986210","display_name":"John Derrick Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6647-0215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6647-0215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090490","display_name":"National University","ror":"https://ror.org/000a8qk84","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281494","display_name":"NU Clark","ror":"https://ror.org/04eezbc41","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090490","https://openalex.org/I4405281494"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Derrick Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NU Clark, Mabalacat, Philippines","National University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6647-0215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NU Clark, Mabalacat, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281494"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122986210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090490","https://openalex.org/I4405281494"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.5917999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.5917999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.298799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-alpha","display_name":"alpha-glutathione S-transferase","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocyte-injury","display_name":"hepatocyte injury","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-injury-biomarkers","display_name":"liver injury biomarkers","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-liver-injury","display_name":"drug-induced liver injury","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemia-reperfusion-injury","display_name":"ischemia-reperfusion injury","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c","display_name":"hepatitis C","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-disease","display_name":"chronic liver disease","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-aminotransferase","display_name":"alanine aminotransferase","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.5640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8845000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113280763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2326546","display_name":"Subclinical infection","level":2,"score":0.7555999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.6725999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658207","display_name":"Liver injury","level":2,"score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992872382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine aminotransferase","level":2,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63363279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133848","display_name":"Clinical significance","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Hepatitis","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018561737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver damage","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020491458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Chronic hepatitis","level":3,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine transaminase","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512861765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359801","display_name":"Liver function tests","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6853","display_name":"Hepatitis B","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503630168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178069","display_name":"Necrosis","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777072776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983841","display_name":"Viral hepatitis","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:369d1b9b9d194754b9c9f166a5426ec8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/369d1b9b9d194754b9c9f166a5426ec8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol 38, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43162-026-00712-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204901906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204901906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589874821","https://openalex.org/W1608215573","https://openalex.org/W1964596126","https://openalex.org/W1965367230","https://openalex.org/W1965727970","https://openalex.org/W1969419384","https://openalex.org/W1972274108","https://openalex.org/W1977138583","https://openalex.org/W1984978318","https://openalex.org/W1987682906","https://openalex.org/W1989805347","https://openalex.org/W2017016317","https://openalex.org/W2024281108","https://openalex.org/W2045962187","https://openalex.org/W2047718984","https://openalex.org/W2051576182","https://openalex.org/W2054530598","https://openalex.org/W2057023915","https://openalex.org/W2059410642","https://openalex.org/W2063858254","https://openalex.org/W2074461690","https://openalex.org/W2081038484","https://openalex.org/W2105613624","https://openalex.org/W2107405185","https://openalex.org/W2134243629","https://openalex.org/W2140962831","https://openalex.org/W2142640925","https://openalex.org/W2145050940","https://openalex.org/W2161863487","https://openalex.org/W2204688218","https://openalex.org/W2519691041","https://openalex.org/W2526248022","https://openalex.org/W2563118732","https://openalex.org/W2604524922","https://openalex.org/W2791136219","https://openalex.org/W2893835498","https://openalex.org/W2922217006","https://openalex.org/W2968470226","https://openalex.org/W3088020815","https://openalex.org/W3174905293","https://openalex.org/W4238581030","https://openalex.org/W4238669567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980952138","https://openalex.org/W2526248022","https://openalex.org/W2413593593","https://openalex.org/W1971681511","https://openalex.org/W2122224422","https://openalex.org/W1897492908","https://openalex.org/W2012365838","https://openalex.org/W7120325227","https://openalex.org/W2995177087","https://openalex.org/W2905967479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Early":[2],"detection":[3,65],"of":[4,16,66,86,110,240,252,275],"hepatocellular":[5,90,133,195,241,276],"injury":[6,91,134,277,297],"remains":[7],"a":[8,41,51,269],"significant":[9,279],"clinical":[10,78,94,264,292],"challenge":[11],"due":[12,54,157],"to":[13,55,73,122,158,175,218,224,281,311],"the":[14,81,114],"limitations":[15],"conventional":[17,176],"biomarkers":[18,145],"such":[19,146],"as":[20,50,147],"alanine":[21],"aminotransferase":[22,26],"(ALT)":[23],"and":[24,59,76,83,113,135,149,154,163,187,220,243,256,272,303],"aspartate":[25],"(AST),":[27],"which":[28],"often":[29],"rise":[30],"only":[31],"after":[32],"substantial":[33],"liver":[34,67,183,189,199,284,296],"damage":[35,196],"has":[36,48],"occurred.":[37],"\u03b1-Glutathione":[38],"S-transferase":[39],"(\u03b1-GST),":[40],"cytosolic":[42],"enzyme":[43],"highly":[44,270],"expressed":[45],"in":[46,88,139,160,181,197,248,315],"hepatocytes,":[47],"emerged":[49],"promising":[52],"biomarker":[53,274],"its":[56,262,291,313],"rapid":[57],"release":[58],"short":[60],"plasma":[61,142],"half-life,":[62],"enabling":[63],"earlier":[64,179],"injury.":[68,190],"Aim":[69],"This":[70],"study":[71,161],"aimed":[72],"systematically":[74],"review":[75,100],"synthesize":[77],"evidence":[79,289],"on":[80],"diagnostic":[82,211,307],"prognostic":[84],"utility":[85,293],"\u03b1-GST":[87,137,169,235,267],"detecting":[89],"across":[92,294],"various":[93],"contexts.":[95],"Methods":[96],"A":[97],"systematic":[98],"literature":[99],"was":[101],"conducted":[102],"using":[103,229],"major":[104],"databases,":[105],"including":[106,201],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[107],"Scopus,":[108],"Web":[109],"Science,":[111],"Embase,":[112],"Cochrane":[115],"Library,":[116],"covering":[117],"studies":[118,125,260],"published":[119],"from":[120,216,222],"1988":[121],"2023.":[123],"Eligible":[124],"included":[126],"human":[127],"subjects":[128],"with":[129,178,237,278],"confirmed":[130],"or":[131,141],"suspected":[132],"reported":[136],"measurements":[138],"serum":[140],"alongside":[143],"comparator":[144],"ALT":[148,206],"AST.":[150],"Data":[151],"were":[152],"extracted":[153],"analyzed":[155],"qualitatively":[156],"heterogeneity":[159],"design":[162],"outcomes.":[164],"Results":[165],"Evidence":[166],"indicates":[167],"that":[168],"demonstrates":[170],"superior":[171],"temporal":[172],"sensitivity":[173,214],"compared":[174],"aminotransferases,":[177],"elevation":[180],"acute":[182],"injury,":[184,186],"ischemia\u2013reperfusion":[185],"drug-induced":[188],"It":[191],"also":[192],"detects":[193],"subclinical":[194],"chronic":[198],"diseases,":[200],"hepatitis":[202],"C,":[203],"even":[204],"when":[205,227],"levels":[207],"remain":[208],"normal.":[209],"Reported":[210],"performance":[212],"shows":[213],"ranging":[215],"78":[217],"92%":[219],"specificity":[221],"80":[223],"95%,":[225],"particularly":[226],"measured":[228],"enzyme-linked":[230],"immunosorbent":[231],"assays":[232],"(ELISA).":[233],"Additionally,":[234],"correlates":[236],"histological":[238],"markers":[239],"necrosis":[242],"disease":[244],"severity.":[245],"However,":[246],"variability":[247],"assay":[249],"methods,":[250],"lack":[251],"standardized":[253],"cut-off":[254],"values,":[255],"limited":[257],"large-scale":[258],"validation":[259],"constrain":[261],"routine":[263,316],"application.":[265],"Conclusion":[266],"is":[268],"sensitive":[271],"early":[273],"potential":[280],"complement":[282],"traditional":[283],"function":[285],"tests.":[286],"While":[287],"current":[288],"supports":[290],"diverse":[295],"contexts,":[298],"further":[299],"standardization,":[300],"multicenter":[301],"validation,":[302],"integration":[304],"into":[305],"multimarker":[306],"approaches":[308],"are":[309],"necessary":[310],"facilitate":[312],"adoption":[314],"hepatology":[317],"practice.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}