{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204897434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28975","title":"Little Red Dots as Shock-Powered High-Energy Neutrino Sources","display_name":"Little Red Dots as Shock-Powered High-Energy Neutrino Sources","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204897434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.28975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.28975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.28975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017730111","display_name":"Tyco Mera Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mera, Tyco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091159368","display_name":"Chris Ashall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-7557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-7557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashall, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074726619","display_name":"Shunsaku Horiuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-6556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-6556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horiuchi, Shunsaku","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036175013","display_name":"Rohan P. Naidu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-5705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-5705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naidu, Rohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002467624","display_name":"K. Medler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-105X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-105X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Medler, Kyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr. , Honolulu , HI 96822 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042344169","display_name":"P. Ho\u00eaflich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-6586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-6586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoeflich, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10921","display_name":"Neutrino Physics Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/little-red-dots","display_name":"Little Red Dots","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-iin-supernovae","display_name":"Type IIn supernovae","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-wave-interaction","display_name":"shock wave interaction","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-acceleration","display_name":"cosmic ray acceleration","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadronic-interactions","display_name":"hadronic interactions","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-neutrino-background","display_name":"diffuse neutrino background","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icecube-neutrino-observatory","display_name":"IceCube","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-acceleration-efficiency","display_name":"cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.910099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186453547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126","display_name":"Neutrino","level":2,"score":0.8497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127592171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3937","display_name":"Supernova","level":2,"score":0.816100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75183268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140491","display_name":"Particle acceleration","level":3,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86132830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308838","display_name":"Outflow","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107966497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509021","display_name":"Neutrino oscillation","level":3,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132221716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583152","display_name":"Neutrino detector","level":4,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778086583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3363554","display_name":"Deceleration parameter","level":4,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.28975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.28975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.28975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.28975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.28975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.28975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G567936229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PHY-2209420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G730328427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23H04899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8071055356","display_name":"WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: Advancing the SuperNova Early Warning System","funder_award_id":"2209420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204897434.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204897434.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550784549","https://openalex.org/W1663158055","https://openalex.org/W1968325785","https://openalex.org/W2011634292","https://openalex.org/W2021786390","https://openalex.org/W2035212947","https://openalex.org/W2038480843","https://openalex.org/W2049024396","https://openalex.org/W2050444942","https://openalex.org/W2054055639","https://openalex.org/W2058811302","https://openalex.org/W2060429985","https://openalex.org/W2089390834","https://openalex.org/W2091799458","https://openalex.org/W2099211770","https://openalex.org/W2124545255","https://openalex.org/W2126169606","https://openalex.org/W2132177462","https://openalex.org/W2138605662","https://openalex.org/W2141209304","https://openalex.org/W2141236762","https://openalex.org/W2148317964","https://openalex.org/W2150988709","https://openalex.org/W2166062976","https://openalex.org/W2188029295","https://openalex.org/W2795849255","https://openalex.org/W2886677354","https://openalex.org/W3033773577","https://openalex.org/W4322494195","https://openalex.org/W4391680891","https://openalex.org/W4392553965","https://openalex.org/W4396857937","https://openalex.org/W4399381057","https://openalex.org/W4400917124","https://openalex.org/W4401797522","https://openalex.org/W4403501073","https://openalex.org/W4405824910","https://openalex.org/W4411240372","https://openalex.org/W4414100468","https://openalex.org/W4415105201","https://openalex.org/W4415945910","https://openalex.org/W4416129192","https://openalex.org/W4416396972","https://openalex.org/W4417000409","https://openalex.org/W4417086517","https://openalex.org/W4417142029","https://openalex.org/W7108206910","https://openalex.org/W7117134387","https://openalex.org/W7118302113","https://openalex.org/W7123261942","https://openalex.org/W7123688887","https://openalex.org/W7124161209","https://openalex.org/W7126188651","https://openalex.org/W7127154581","https://openalex.org/W7131881103","https://openalex.org/W7134969638","https://openalex.org/W7135103471","https://openalex.org/W7135128069","https://openalex.org/W7139028509","https://openalex.org/W7152471986","https://openalex.org/W7154988811","https://openalex.org/W7162342206","https://openalex.org/W7163148726","https://openalex.org/W7163175213","https://openalex.org/W7163909791","https://openalex.org/W7164002703","https://openalex.org/W7165003049","https://openalex.org/W7167098553","https://openalex.org/W7169765177","https://openalex.org/W7171978064","https://openalex.org/W7197022650","https://openalex.org/W7202266592","https://openalex.org/W7203616902","https://openalex.org/W7204461027","https://openalex.org/W7212130936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135103471","https://openalex.org/W2792430389","https://openalex.org/W633919400","https://openalex.org/W1923156118","https://openalex.org/W2952708359","https://openalex.org/W4385307990","https://openalex.org/W2098656848","https://openalex.org/W4328022920","https://openalex.org/W1975278286","https://openalex.org/W2344460521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Little":[0],"Red":[1],"Dots":[2],"(LRDs)":[3],"are":[4],"compact,":[5],"high-redshift":[6],"sources":[7],"whose":[8],"physical":[9,199,218],"nature":[10,200],"remains":[11],"uncertain.":[12],"Their":[13],"optical":[14],"spectra":[15],"bear":[16],"many":[17],"similarities":[18],"to":[19,51,85,113,167,228,234],"Type":[20],"IIn":[21,97],"supernovae":[22],"(SNe":[23],"IIn),":[24],"motivating":[25],"a":[26,64,69,221],"scenario":[27],"in":[28,126,197],"which":[29],"their":[30,198],"emission":[31,136],"is":[32],"powered":[33],"by":[34,58,95],"shocks":[35],"interacting":[36],"with":[37,108,216],"dense":[38,72,127],"surrounding":[39,73],"material.":[40],"We":[41,90],"investigate":[42],"whether":[43],"such":[44],"interactions":[45,125],"can":[46],"power":[47],"LRDs":[48],"and":[49,98,101,123,137,195,207,220],"contribute":[50],"the":[52,78,88,99,132,141,152,164,171,183,191,204,208,230,235],"diffuse":[53,185,236],"high-energy":[54,134],"neutrino":[55,135,186,237],"intensity":[56],"measured":[57],"IceCube.":[59],"In":[60],"our":[61,146],"simplified":[62],"model,":[63],"fast":[65],"central-engine":[66],"outflow":[67],"drives":[68],"shock":[70,109,128],"through":[71,87],"material":[74,83],"before":[75],"stalling":[76],"near":[77],"LRD":[79,143,193,213,232],"photosphere,":[80],"while":[81,174],"some":[82],"continues":[84],"flow":[86],"shock.":[89],"explore":[91],"parameter":[92],"ranges":[93],"motivated":[94],"SNe":[96,148],"observed":[100],"inferred":[102],"properties":[103],"of":[104,182,190,210],"LRDs,":[105],"finding":[106],"solutions":[107],"luminosities":[110],"from":[111,160],"2.2e43":[112],"3.5e44":[114],"erg/s.":[115],"Using":[116],"an":[117,175],"analytical":[118],"framework":[119],"for":[120,163,170],"cosmic-ray":[121,150,205],"acceleration":[122],"hadronic":[124],"environments,":[129],"we":[130],"calculate":[131],"resulting":[133],"integrate":[138],"it":[139],"over":[140],"cosmological":[142],"population.":[144],"For":[145],"fiducial":[147],"IIn-based":[149],"parameters,":[151],"average":[153],"predicted":[154],"contribution":[155,233],"below":[156],"2e5":[157],"GeV":[158],"increases":[159],"about":[161,168,180],"0.2%":[162],"lowest-luminosity":[165],"quintile":[166],"2%":[169],"highest-luminosity":[172],"quintile,":[173],"illustrative":[176],"higher-efficiency":[177],"case":[178],"reaches":[179],"13%":[181],"IceCube":[184],"intensity.":[187],"The":[188],"incompleteness":[189],"current":[192],"census":[194],"uncertainties":[196],"limit":[201],"constraints":[202],"on":[203],"parameters":[206],"distribution":[209],"L_s.":[211],"Larger":[212],"samples,":[214],"together":[215],"improved":[217],"models":[219],"full":[222],"population-synthesis":[223],"study,":[224],"will":[225],"be":[226],"required":[227],"constrain":[229],"total":[231],"background.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
