{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204897265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","title":"Applicability of Environmental Flow Techniques in Himalayan Hydropower Considering Hydrologic and Energy Perspective: A CASE study of Kali Gandaki River Basin","display_name":"Applicability of Environmental Flow Techniques in Himalayan Hydropower Considering Hydrologic and Energy Perspective: A CASE study of Kali Gandaki River Basin","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204897265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/east/article/download/99471/75161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055105","display_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","issn_l":"3102-0410","issn":["3102-0410","3102-0429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/east/article/download/99471/75161","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148880324","display_name":"Samyog Bhandari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samyog Bhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030719805","display_name":"Rupesh Baniya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-0831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-0831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupesh Baniya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146978913","display_name":"Ram Krishna Regmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram Krishna Regmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62207739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"125","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.08429999649524689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-flows","display_name":"environmental flows","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40675005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Hydropower","level":2,"score":0.9053999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171666300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067107","display_name":"Small hydro","level":3,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017454777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Water energy","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92311004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80638","display_name":"Hydroelectricity","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018204926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41179","display_name":"Mekong river","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992826812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Stream flow","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776740192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4866395","display_name":"Base flow","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992129184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Environmental flow","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/east/article/download/99471/75161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055105","display_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","issn_l":"3102-0410","issn":["3102-0410","3102-0429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/east.v2i2.99471","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/east/article/download/99471/75161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055105","display_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","issn_l":"3102-0410","issn":["3102-0410","3102-0429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Everest Advances in Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.821399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204897265.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204897265.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286775706","https://openalex.org/W3093767215","https://openalex.org/W4226304798","https://openalex.org/W1940318151","https://openalex.org/W4226073315","https://openalex.org/W3082560510","https://openalex.org/W4412580945","https://openalex.org/W2981123655","https://openalex.org/W4200570659","https://openalex.org/W3094842762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"flow":[1],"(e-flow)":[2],"management":[3],"is":[4,38],"a":[5,25,183],"critical":[6],"issue":[7],"in":[8,13,74,84,93,101,199],"Himalayan":[9,201],"river":[10,77],"basins,":[11],"particularly":[12],"the":[14,34,53,59,90,157,180,200],"context":[15],"of":[16,23,33,61,86,118,186,196],"rapid":[17],"hydropower":[18,48,71,197],"development.":[19],"The":[20,177],"prevailing":[21],"practice":[22],"maintaining":[24],"uniform,":[26],"year-round":[27],"static":[28],"e-flow":[29,63,80,102,188],"release":[30],"(typically":[31],"10%":[32],"minimum":[35],"monthly":[36],"flow)":[37],"often":[39],"inadequate":[40],"to":[41,190],"sustain":[42],"riverine":[43],"ecological":[44],"health":[45],"while":[46],"balancing":[47],"generation":[49,72],"objectives,":[50],"especially":[51],"during":[52],"dry":[54],"season.":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57],"evaluates":[58],"applicability":[60],"seven":[62],"assessment":[64],"methodologies":[65],"by":[66],"integrating":[67],"hydrological":[68,111,131,168],"reliability":[69,169],"and":[70,89,109,123,138,146,163,170,194],"impacts":[73,143,173],"Kali":[75],"Gandaki":[76],"basin.":[78],"Different":[79],"methods":[81,165],"are":[82],"assessed":[83],"terms":[85],"hydrologic":[87],"failure":[88,132],"resulting":[91],"alterations":[92],"energy":[94,148,175],"production.":[95],"Results":[96],"showed":[97],"that":[98],"method-wise":[99],"variability":[100],"demand":[103],"does":[104],"not":[105],"differentiate":[106],"between":[107],"rain-fed":[108],"snow-fed":[110],"characteristics.":[112],"Annual":[113],"Distribution":[114],"Method":[115,127],"(ADM),":[116],"Department":[117],"Electricity":[119],"Development":[120],"(DoED)":[121],"guideline,":[122],"Modified":[124],"Minimum":[125],"Flow":[126,160],"(MMFM)":[128],"exhibit":[129],"negligible":[130],"rates.":[133],"Methods":[134],"such":[135,155],"as":[136,156],"ADM":[137],"MMFM":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"relatively":[141],"lower":[142,167],"on":[144,174],"annual":[145],"dry-season":[147],"generation.":[149,176],"In":[150],"contrast,":[151],"more":[152],"stricter":[153],"approaches":[154],"Variable":[158],"Monthly":[159],"(VMF),":[161],"Tessmann,":[162],"Tennant":[164],"show":[166],"significantly":[171],"higher":[172],"findings":[178],"highlight":[179],"need":[181],"for":[182],"comprehensive":[184],"evaluation":[185],"dynamic":[187],"strategies":[189],"support":[191],"sustainable":[192],"planning":[193],"operation":[195],"projects":[198],"region.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
