{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204897178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204897178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093999322","display_name":"\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3146-6581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3146-6581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253654","display_name":"Sumerian Scriptum Synthesis Publisher","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4bgc09","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253654"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sumerian Scriptum Synthesis Publisher"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3146-6581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sumerian Scriptum Synthesis Publisher","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253654"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093999322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253654"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14503","display_name":"Globalization, Economics, and Policies","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exports","display_name":"exports","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imports","display_name":"imports","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-integration","display_name":"economic integration","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-liberalization","display_name":"market liberalization","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-investment","display_name":"foreign investment","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-efficiency","display_name":"resource efficiency","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62909/978.9922.7961.78","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7825999855995178,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6997773332","https://openalex.org/W4390684268","https://openalex.org/W2891034205","https://openalex.org/W4400060371","https://openalex.org/W2616915768","https://openalex.org/W2965597624","https://openalex.org/W7135313026","https://openalex.org/W7217284300","https://openalex.org/W4410470063","https://openalex.org/W3120701796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u0639\u062f":[0,96],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[1,28,66,142],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629":[2,29,67,143],"\u0645\u0646":[3,12,181],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[5],"\u0641\u064a":[6,15,30,68,86,154,159,165],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637":[7,135],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a":[8,23,122,136,188],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c":[9],"\u0644\u0645\u0627":[10],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[11],"\u062f\u0648\u0631":[13,48],"\u0645\u0647\u0645":[14],"\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[18,44,50],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[20,80],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.":[24,64],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[25],"\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a":[26],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[27],"\u0638\u0644":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629":[33],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[34,77],"\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627":[35],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c":[37],"\u0648\u0644\u0627":[38],"\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627":[39],"\u0645\u0639":[40,146],"\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639":[41],"\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642":[42],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629":[43],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631":[45],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642":[46,70],"\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[53],"\u062c\u0639\u0644":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629":[56],"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631":[57],"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627":[58],"\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627":[59],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[60,109],"\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a":[63],"\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645":[65,153],"\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639":[69],"\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a":[72],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c":[73],"\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639":[75,167],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a":[76],"\u0644\u0627":[78],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639":[79],"\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627":[81],"\u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c":[82],"\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627":[83],"\u0639\u0646":[84],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627":[85],"\u0646\u0642\u0644":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627":[88],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629":[90],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632":[91],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629":[93],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.":[94],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[95],"\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629":[97],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[98],"\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c":[100],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646":[101,137],"\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[102],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c":[105],"\u0628\u0645\u0627":[106],"\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633":[107],"\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627":[108],"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644":[111],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a":[113],"\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.":[116],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[117],"\u062c\u0647\u0629":[118],"\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c":[119],"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[120],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648":[121,147],"\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627":[123],"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627":[124],"\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649":[125],"\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647":[126],"\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641":[127],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c":[128],"\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647":[129],"\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633":[132],"\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633":[133],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631":[134],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[138],"\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.":[140],"\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637":[141],"\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[144],"\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c":[148],"\u0625\u0630":[149],"\u0625\u0646":[150],"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[151],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a":[152],"\u0631\u0641\u0639":[155],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c":[158],"\u062d\u064a\u0646":[160],"\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a":[161],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[162],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627":[163],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627":[164],"\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631":[166],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[168],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[169],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[170],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629":[171],"\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645":[172],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629":[173],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.":[174],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[175],"\u0623\u0646":[176],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[177],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[178],"\u0642\u062f":[179],"\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641":[180],"\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[182],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[183],"\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[184],"\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627":[185],"\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629":[186],"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627":[187],"\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649":[189],"\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639":[190],"\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627":[191],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
