{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204896510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","title":"Radiation-Hardening Techniques and In-Orbit Robustness Validation for Trapezoidal Dual-Axis Sun Sensors in LEO Environments","display_name":"Radiation-Hardening Techniques and In-Orbit Robustness Validation for Trapezoidal Dual-Axis Sun Sensors in LEO Environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204896510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189694085","display_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","issn_l":"1530-437X","issn":["1530-437X","1558-1748","2379-9153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321027","host_organization_name":"IEEE Sensors Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321027","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Sensors Council","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778029","display_name":"Mang Ou\u2010Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-1765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-1765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mang Ou-Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-1765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041722797","display_name":"Ching-I Tai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-I Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136876718","display_name":"Guan-Yu Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085223301","display_name":"Tse-Yu Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse-Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136880749","display_name":"Chang-Hsun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Hsun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136894075","display_name":"Yu-Siou Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Siou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028646086","display_name":"Jin\u2010Chern Chiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-3977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-3977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Chern Chiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-3977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012092688","display_name":"C. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-6154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-6154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79291875","display_name":"Taiwan Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcxwy38","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Yu Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Space Agency"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-6154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Space Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027340634","display_name":"Tung-Yun Hsieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79291875","display_name":"Taiwan Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcxwy38","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung-Yun Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Space Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Space Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109532756","display_name":"Chen-Tsung Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79291875","display_name":"Taiwan Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcxwy38","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Tsung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica","Taiwan Space Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Space Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066333782","display_name":"Ying-Wen Jan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79291875","display_name":"Taiwan Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcxwy38","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Wen Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Space Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Space Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103144365","display_name":"Chih\u2010Hsun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-7775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-7775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79291875","display_name":"Taiwan Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03dcxwy38","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hsun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica","Taiwan Space Agency"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-7775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Space Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79291875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091156295","display_name":"Yung\u2010Jhe Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-7258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-7258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Jhe Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-7258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"20","first_page":"30438","last_page":"30449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-hardening","display_name":"radiation hardening","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-irradiation","display_name":"proton irradiation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-irradiation","display_name":"gamma irradiation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-rate-sensitivity","display_name":"low dose rate sensitivity","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-event-latch-up","display_name":"single event latchup","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"low Earth orbit","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-satellites","display_name":"small satellites","score":0.8989999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7544000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176563091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669238","display_name":"Intelligent sensor","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189694085","display_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","issn_l":"1530-437X","issn":["1530-437X","1558-1748","2379-9153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321027","host_organization_name":"IEEE Sensors Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321027","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Sensors Council","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3727622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189694085","display_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","issn_l":"1530-437X","issn":["1530-437X","1558-1748","2379-9153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321027","host_organization_name":"IEEE Sensors Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321027","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Sensors Council","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8242156354","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600162194","https://openalex.org/W1980084564","https://openalex.org/W1981590004","https://openalex.org/W2024476387","https://openalex.org/W2027171914","https://openalex.org/W2052557456","https://openalex.org/W2057902944","https://openalex.org/W2079248771","https://openalex.org/W2088249659","https://openalex.org/W2096346771","https://openalex.org/W2097309673","https://openalex.org/W2099569658","https://openalex.org/W2102327177","https://openalex.org/W2116084966","https://openalex.org/W2116865863","https://openalex.org/W2124748144","https://openalex.org/W2128710512","https://openalex.org/W2131271035","https://openalex.org/W2131618883","https://openalex.org/W2138558164","https://openalex.org/W2142494558","https://openalex.org/W2143701561","https://openalex.org/W2148071019","https://openalex.org/W2149179566","https://openalex.org/W2150727546","https://openalex.org/W2150981048","https://openalex.org/W2163017991","https://openalex.org/W2164886308","https://openalex.org/W2165297788","https://openalex.org/W2166246065","https://openalex.org/W2490765418","https://openalex.org/W2888902112","https://openalex.org/W3151645849","https://openalex.org/W4366386406","https://openalex.org/W4379528707","https://openalex.org/W4391216518","https://openalex.org/W4398764984","https://openalex.org/W7162242160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223348410","https://openalex.org/W2301257393","https://openalex.org/W2991071418","https://openalex.org/W7128142945","https://openalex.org/W3160511780","https://openalex.org/W3114283703","https://openalex.org/W3125320249","https://openalex.org/W3112209924","https://openalex.org/W4288323921","https://openalex.org/W822766553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,60],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,55,95,102,229],"sensor-level":[4,220],"and":[5,37,101,190,221],"algorithmic":[6,222],"strategy":[7],"for":[8,78,139,234],"limiting":[9],"radiation-induced":[10],"angular":[11,116,126,144,158],"drift":[12,182],"in":[13,86,98,106,175],"previously":[15,114],"developed":[16],"trapezoidal":[17],"dual-axis":[18],"sun":[19],"sensor":[20,112],"without":[21],"requiring":[22],"dedicated":[23],"radiation-hardened":[24],"components.":[25],"Radiation-induced":[26],"degradation":[27,72],"of":[28],"the":[29,43,47,111,123,156,176,211,218,225],"photodiodes":[30],"is":[31],"decomposed":[32],"into":[33],"additive":[34],"dark-current":[35,140],"offsets":[36],"multiplicative":[38],"responsivity":[39,150],"losses.":[40],"To":[41],"evaluate":[42,171],"proposed":[44,219],"compensation":[45],"strategy,":[46],"sensors":[48,75],"were":[49,76,84],"irradiated":[50],"with":[51,204],"30-MeV":[52],"protons":[53],"to":[54,88,137,148,160,170,227],"cumulative":[56],"dose":[57,61],"exceeding$\\mathrm":[58],"{4735~krad(Si)}$.":[59],"exceeds":[62],"typical":[63],"LEO":[64,236],"mission":[65],"requirements,":[66],"enabling":[67],"evaluation":[68],"over":[69],"an":[70],"extended":[71],"range.":[73],"Unbiased":[74],"reserved":[77],"post-irradiation":[79],"characterization,":[80],"while":[81,142],"biased":[82],"units":[83],"operated":[85],"situ":[87],"collect":[89],"photocurrent":[90],"data.":[91],"Experimental":[92],"results":[93,215],"show":[94],"60-fold":[96],"increase":[97],"dark":[99],"current":[100],"30":[103],"%":[104],"reduction":[105],"responsivity.":[107],"Under":[108],"nonirradiated":[109],"conditions,":[110],"had":[113],"demonstrated":[115],"errors":[117],"within":[118,210],"\u00b10.3\u00b0.":[119],"Following":[120],"proton":[121,202],"irradiation,":[122,203],"uncompensated":[124],"maximum":[125,157],"deviation":[127,159],"reached":[128],"4.8\u00b0.":[129],"An":[130],"embedded":[131],"shielded":[132],"dummy":[133],"photodiode":[134],"was":[135,146,183],"used":[136,147],"compensate":[138],"drift,":[141],"ratio-based":[143,191],"reconstruction":[145],"normalize":[149],"degradation.":[151],"Together,":[152],"these":[153],"methods":[154],"reduced":[155],"0.53\u00b0.":[161],"Low-dose-rate60Co":[162],"gamma":[163],"irradiation":[164],"up":[165],"to$\\mathrm":[166],"{30~krad(Si)}$was":[167],"further":[168],"conducted":[169],"enhanced":[172],"low-dose-rate":[173],"sensitivity":[174],"readout":[177],"electronics,":[178],"where":[179],"common-mode":[180],"gain":[181],"effectively":[184],"suppressed":[185],"through":[186],"both":[187],"circuit-topology":[188],"selection":[189],"cancellation.":[192],"The":[193],"system":[194],"also":[195],"maintained":[196],"continuous":[197],"functional":[198],"operation":[199],"throughout":[200],"221-MeV":[201],"no":[205],"destructive":[206],"single-event":[207],"latch-up":[208],"observed":[209],"monitored":[212],"parameters.":[213],"These":[214],"indicate":[216],"that":[217],"approach":[223],"has":[224],"potential":[226],"provide":[228],"viable,":[230],"low-cost":[231],"radiation-tolerant":[232],"solution":[233],"long-duration":[235],"missions":[237],"on":[238],"resource-constrained":[239],"small-satellite":[240],"platforms.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}