{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204893512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","title":"SANITATION AND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN SOME SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.","display_name":"SANITATION AND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN SOME SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204893512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","pdf_url":"https://ajhse.org/index.php/ajhse/article/download/845/268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170627","display_name":"African Journal of Health Safety and Environment","issn_l":"2695-1819","issn":["2695-1819","2695-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ajhse.org/index.php/ajhse/article/download/845/268","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147908766","display_name":"P.O. Onyia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98243723","display_name":"Kwara State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05np2xn95","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.O. ONYIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104559145","display_name":"Samuel Bulus Kaze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4720-1713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4720-1713"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.B. KAZE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115020328","display_name":"A. O. Opasola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98243723","display_name":"Kwara State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05np2xn95","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.O. OPASOLA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124239908","display_name":"H. O. Sawyerr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.O. SAWYERR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"117","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-handlers","display_name":"food handlers","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-food-safety","display_name":"school food safety","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hygiene-practices","display_name":"hygiene practices","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foodborne-illness","display_name":"food poisoning","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-contamination","display_name":"microbial contamination","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-schools","display_name":"secondary schools","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus-faecalis","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minna","display_name":"Minna","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.8652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.7365999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.73580002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.7242000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Hand washing","level":3,"score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993130379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497296","display_name":"Food preparation","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019775288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Washing hands","level":3,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423378","display_name":"Knowledge level","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","pdf_url":"https://ajhse.org/index.php/ajhse/article/download/845/268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170627","display_name":"African Journal of Health Safety and Environment","issn_l":"2695-1819","issn":["2695-1819","2695-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v7i2.845","pdf_url":"https://ajhse.org/index.php/ajhse/article/download/845/268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170627","display_name":"African Journal of Health Safety and Environment","issn_l":"2695-1819","issn":["2695-1819","2695-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7567999958992004,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204893512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204893512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737044655","https://openalex.org/W3119123948","https://openalex.org/W3126498634","https://openalex.org/W3127847512","https://openalex.org/W3158848214","https://openalex.org/W3202402947","https://openalex.org/W4214772855","https://openalex.org/W4225164817","https://openalex.org/W4394952698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972267654","https://openalex.org/W341449600","https://openalex.org/W7127339668","https://openalex.org/W7213452990","https://openalex.org/W4362713980","https://openalex.org/W7001481633","https://openalex.org/W3198763429","https://openalex.org/W2757529250","https://openalex.org/W3208971781","https://openalex.org/W7213437955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsafe":[0],"food":[1,25,76,120],"handling":[2],"in":[3,27,31,44,112],"schools":[4,30],"can":[5],"expose":[6],"students":[7],"to":[8,103],"microbial":[9,204],"contamination":[10,205],"and":[11,18,21,47,73,89,101,117,130,184,206,212,221],"foodborne":[12],"illness.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15,41],"assessed":[16],"sanitation":[17],"hygiene":[19,151,157],"compliance":[20],"associated":[22,197],"factors":[23],"among":[24,137],"handlers":[26],"some":[28],"secondary":[29,49,104],"Minna":[32],"Metropolis,":[33],"Niger":[34],"State,":[35],"Nigeria.":[36],"A":[37],"descriptive":[38],"cross-sectional":[39],"analytical":[40],"was":[42,110,135,159],"conducted":[43],"20":[45],"public":[46],"private":[48],"schools.":[50],"Questionnaires":[51],"(125)":[52],"were":[53,59,79,93,195],"administered,":[54],"out":[55],"of":[56,65,114,119,139],"which":[57],"122":[58],"completed,":[60],"giving":[61],"a":[62,82,85,207],"response":[63],"rate":[64],"97.6%.":[66],"Microbiological":[67],"assessment":[68],"included":[69,123],"120":[70],"hand-swab":[71],"samples":[72],"100":[74],"ready-to-eat":[75],"samples.":[77,121],"Data":[78],"collected":[80],"using":[81],"structured":[83],"questionnaire,":[84],"12-item":[86],"observational":[87],"checklist":[88],"microbiological":[90,222],"procedures.":[91],"Respondents":[92],"predominantly":[94],"female":[95],"(96.7%),":[96],"aged":[97],"26\u201335":[98],"years":[99],"(44.3%)":[100],"educated":[102],"level":[105,163,174],"(54.1%).":[106],"Viable":[107],"bacterial":[108],"growth":[109],"detected":[111],"80.8%":[113],"hand":[115],"swabs":[116],"85.0%":[118],"Isolates":[122],"Bacillus":[124],"subtilis,":[125],"Staphylococcus":[126],"aureus,":[127],"Escherichia":[128],"coli":[129],"Enterococcus":[131],"faecalis.":[132],"Good":[133],"knowledge":[134,173,211],"recorded":[136],"36.1%":[138],"respondents,":[140],"49.2%":[141],"had":[142],"positive":[143],"attitudes,":[144],"while":[145],"59.0%":[146],"demonstrated":[147],"average":[148],"or":[149],"poor":[150],"practices.":[152],"Compliance":[153],"with":[154,198],"every":[155],"observed":[156],"practice":[158],"below":[160],"50%.":[161],"Educational":[162],"(\u03c7\u00b2":[164,175,186],"=":[165,168,171,176,179,187,190,193],"7.784,":[166],"df":[167,178,189],"1,":[169,180,191],"p":[170,181,192],"0.005),":[172],"11.818,":[177],"<":[182],"0.001)":[183],"attitude":[185],"7.445,":[188],"0.006)":[194],"significantly":[196],"compliance.":[199],"The":[200],"findings":[201],"reveal":[202],"substantial":[203],"gap":[208],"between":[209],"food-safety":[210],"practice.":[213],"Practical":[214],"training,":[215],"adequate":[216],"handwashing":[217],"facilities,":[218],"routine":[219],"inspection":[220],"surveillance":[223],"are":[224],"recommended.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
