{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204890549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.29237","title":"AGRICAM: A Track-Mounted Crop Pollination Monitoring Robot","display_name":"AGRICAM: A Track-Mounted Crop Pollination Monitoring Robot","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204890549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.29237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.29237","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29237","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.29237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.29237","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084331377","display_name":"Malika Nisal Ratnayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-7019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-7019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ratnayake, Malika Nisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC , 3800 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC , 3800 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133555598","display_name":"Adel N. Toosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toosi, Adel N.","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Melbourne , VIC , 3052 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Melbourne , VIC , 3052 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053725915","display_name":"James M. Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-6126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-6126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cook, James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment , Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797 , Penrith , NSW , 2751 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment , Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797 , Penrith , NSW , 2751 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068317097","display_name":"Romina Rader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-9118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-9118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90745801","display_name":"University of New England","ror":"https://ror.org/04r659a56","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rader, Romina","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , NSW , 2351 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , NSW , 2351 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051512822","display_name":"Alan Dorin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-4835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-4835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorin, Alan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC , 3800 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC , 3800 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insect-pollinators","display_name":"insect pollinators","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-robotics","display_name":"agricultural robotics","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollinator-visitation","display_name":"pollinator visitation","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueberry","display_name":"blueberry","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-greenhouse","display_name":"plastic greenhouse","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-cultivation","display_name":"protected cultivation","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-activity-patterns","display_name":"spatiotemporal activity patterns","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollination-management","display_name":"pollination management","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168197293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134624","display_name":"Pollination","level":3,"score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102789151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141466","display_name":"Pollinator","level":4,"score":0.6392999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32957820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215108","display_name":"Microclimate","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.29237","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29237","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.29237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.29237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.29237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.29237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.29237","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29237","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.29237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204890549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204890549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W4398795299","https://openalex.org/W4407759488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310124612","https://openalex.org/W6945929629","https://openalex.org/W3175065557","https://openalex.org/W7160137143","https://openalex.org/W4221040584","https://openalex.org/W4414792611","https://openalex.org/W3005956146","https://openalex.org/W4402262076","https://openalex.org/W7163169783","https://openalex.org/W7213554157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insect":[0,54],"pollination":[1,71,182,244,253],"is":[2],"critical":[3],"for":[4,53,85,116],"global":[5],"food":[6,260],"production,":[7],"yet":[8],"monitoring":[9,34,72],"pollinators":[10],"at":[11],"commercial":[12,169],"farm":[13,92,171,215],"scale":[14],"remains":[15],"a":[16,60,168,205,240],"challenge.":[17],"Recent":[18],"advances":[19],"in":[20,73],"computer":[21,152],"vision":[22,153],"and":[23,41,55,106,111,126,133,139,149,159,174,231,259],"deep":[24],"learning":[25],"have":[26],"enabled":[27,195],"detailed":[28],"analysis":[29],"of":[30,69,136,198,223,229],"pollinator":[31,157,207],"behaviour,":[32],"but":[33],"must":[35],"trade-off":[36],"detail":[37],"against":[38],"spatial":[39,196],"coverage":[40],"human":[42],"or":[43,94],"technological":[44],"resources.":[45],"This":[46,193],"paper":[47],"presents":[48],"the":[49,67,147,165,214],"Automated":[50],"Guided":[51],"Robot":[52],"Crop":[56],"Activity":[57],"Monitoring":[58],"(AGRICAM),":[59],"purpose-built":[61],"robotic":[62],"system":[63,129,166],"designed":[64],"to":[65,146,155,172,203,238,251],"meet":[66],"requirements":[68],"large-scale":[70],"protected":[74],"cropping":[75],"systems.":[76],"AGRICAM":[77,233],"operates":[78],"autonomously":[79,130],"on":[80,167],"low-cost,":[81],"easily":[82],"installed":[83],"track":[84],"movement":[86],"along":[87],"crop":[88,243,257],"rows,":[89],"without":[90],"disrupting":[91],"operations":[93],"insect":[95,181,199,224],"behaviour.":[96],"The":[97,128,218],"platform":[98],"integrates":[99],"two":[100],"RGB":[101],"cameras,":[102],"microclimate":[103],"sensors,":[104,110],"GPS":[105],"RFID":[107],"modules,":[108],"motion":[109],"4G":[112],"cellular":[113],"network":[114],"connectivity":[115],"data":[117,135,194,219],"transmission.":[118],"A":[119],"web":[120],"interface":[121],"enables":[122],"remote":[123],"device":[124],"configuration":[125],"scheduling.":[127],"captures":[131],"video":[132],"image":[134],"insects'":[137],"locations":[138],"local":[140],"environmental":[141],"conditions.":[142],"These":[143],"are":[144],"transferred":[145],"cloud":[148],"analysed":[150],"using":[151],"models":[154],"quantify":[156],"visitation":[158],"spatio-temporal":[160],"activity":[161,200,225],"variation.":[162],"We":[163],"deployed":[164],"blueberry":[170],"demonstrate":[173],"test":[175],"its":[176],"capability.":[177],"It":[178],"successfully":[179],"mapped":[180],"patterns":[183],"across":[184],"80":[185],"m":[186],"long":[187],"industrial":[188],"polytunnels":[189],"over":[190],"30":[191],"hours.":[192],"analyses":[197],"we":[201],"used":[202],"confirm":[204],"uniform":[206],"distribution":[208],"within":[209],"polytunnels,":[210],"as":[211],"desired":[212],"by":[213],"management":[216],"team.":[217],"also":[220],"highlighted":[221],"variation":[222],"associated":[226],"with":[227],"time":[228],"day":[230],"microclimate.":[232],"therefore":[234],"has":[235],"been":[236],"shown":[237],"be":[239],"scalable,":[241],"automated":[242],"monitor":[245],"that":[246],"can":[247],"support":[248],"data-driven":[249],"decisions":[250],"enhance":[252],"management,":[254],"thereby":[255],"improving":[256],"productivity":[258],"security.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}