{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204886432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","title":"Decoupled Attention and Character\u2013Word Mask for Chinese Nested Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"Decoupled Attention and Character\u2013Word Mask for Chinese Nested Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204886432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148885073","display_name":"Mingjian Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280557","display_name":"Xichang Minzu Preschool Normal College","ror":"https://ror.org/033pmqx80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280557"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Informatization by MOE and Xizang Autonomous Regin, Lhasa 850000, China","Information Center, Xichang Minzu Preschool Normal College, Liangshan 615000, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Informatization by MOE and Xizang Autonomous Regin, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Center, Xichang Minzu Preschool Normal College, Liangshan 615000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148928389","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035178481","display_name":"Nuo Qun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-6770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-6770"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Qun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Informatization by MOE and Xizang Autonomous Regin, Lhasa 850000, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Informatization by MOE and Xizang Autonomous Regin, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094071529","display_name":"Tashi Nyima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tashi Nyima","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Language Intelligence, Lhasa 850000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035178481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"8630","last_page":"8630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nested-named-entity-recognition","display_name":"nested named entity recognition","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Chinese named entity recognition","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-integration","display_name":"vocabulary integration","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting-reduction","display_name":"overfitting reduction","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159254197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144915","display_name":"Lexicographical order","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135598885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366302","display_name":"Row","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d052d17877934f5e9e2b062390e1b27f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d052d17877934f5e9e2b062390e1b27f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 8630 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2556096924","https://openalex.org/W2804221886","https://openalex.org/W2952370363","https://openalex.org/W2973888354","https://openalex.org/W3033187248","https://openalex.org/W3034379414","https://openalex.org/W3034744126","https://openalex.org/W3035375600","https://openalex.org/W3035625205","https://openalex.org/W3035642486","https://openalex.org/W3104235802","https://openalex.org/W3174396451","https://openalex.org/W3174839159","https://openalex.org/W3176023514","https://openalex.org/W3207397751","https://openalex.org/W3213591530","https://openalex.org/W4224988036","https://openalex.org/W4226470037","https://openalex.org/W4280625084","https://openalex.org/W4300166660","https://openalex.org/W4317933718","https://openalex.org/W4385571159","https://openalex.org/W4385767870","https://openalex.org/W4388979610","https://openalex.org/W4389795042","https://openalex.org/W4392904288","https://openalex.org/W4394709334","https://openalex.org/W4402671644","https://openalex.org/W4402824770","https://openalex.org/W4403148376","https://openalex.org/W4407447203","https://openalex.org/W7127326179","https://openalex.org/W7131404585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362516069","https://openalex.org/W4225127258","https://openalex.org/W7095001805","https://openalex.org/W4285305436","https://openalex.org/W3015202382","https://openalex.org/W4388199550","https://openalex.org/W7155718973","https://openalex.org/W3000434652","https://openalex.org/W2950953300","https://openalex.org/W4406357026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vocabulary":[0],"integration":[1],"is":[2,63,109],"an":[3],"effective":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6],"improving":[7],"named":[8],"entity":[9],"recognition":[10],"performance.":[11],"However,":[12],"existing":[13],"methods":[14,151],"exhibit":[15],"insufficient":[16],"decoupling":[17,58],"capability":[18,158],"in":[19,43],"modeling":[20],"the":[21,136,154,160],"position":[22,89,95],"and":[23,27,29,59,82,90,92,122,133,145,152,156],"content":[24,91],"between":[25],"characters":[26],"words,":[28],"under":[30],"static":[31],"matching":[32],"mechanisms,":[33],"models":[34],"tend":[35],"to":[36,97,111],"memorize":[37],"fixed":[38],"character\u2013word":[39,60,74,105,114],"co-occurrence":[40],"patterns,":[41],"resulting":[42],"limited":[44],"generalization.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"these":[48],"issues,":[49],"a":[50,68,104],"Chinese":[51],"nested":[52],"NER":[53],"method":[54,66,138],"based":[55],"on":[56,120,127],"attention":[57],"association":[61,106],"mask":[62,113],"proposed.":[64],"This":[65],"designs":[67],"decoupled":[69,86],"mechanism":[70,108],"that":[71,135],"decomposes":[72],"traditional":[73],"interactions":[75],"into":[76],"three":[77],"independent":[78],"matrices,":[79],"content\u2013content,":[80],"content\u2013position,":[81],"position\u2013content,":[83],"thereby":[84],"achieving":[85],"representation":[87],"of":[88,141,159],"enabling":[93],"character":[94],"embeddings":[96],"actively":[98],"perceive":[99],"lexical":[100],"word":[101],"content.":[102],"Meanwhile,":[103],"masking":[107],"designed":[110],"randomly":[112],"associations":[115],"during":[116],"training,":[117],"preventing":[118],"over-reliance":[119],"lexicons":[121],"mitigating":[123],"overfitting.":[124],"Experiments":[125],"conducted":[126],"four":[128],"datasets\u2014Weibo,":[129],"OntoNotes":[130],"4.0,":[131],"CMeEE-V2,":[132],"CNERTA\u2014demonstrate":[134],"proposed":[137],"achieves":[139],"F1-scores":[140],"73.06%,":[142],"83.22%,":[143],"75.25%,":[144],"81.68%,":[146],"respectively,":[147],"outperforming":[148],"mainstream":[149],"baseline":[150],"verifying":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"generalization":[157],"model.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}
