{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204871644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","title":"It\u2019s More than Money: How Workplace Culture Drives Retention of Athletic Trainers in the College or University Setting","display_name":"It\u2019s More than Money: How Workplace Culture Drives Retention of Athletic Trainers in the College or University Setting","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204871644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048857","display_name":"Journal of Athletic Training Education and Practice","issn_l":"3067-1833","issn":["3067-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324034529","host_organization_name":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324034529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Athletic Trainers' Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Athletic Training Education and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088617619","display_name":"Matthew C. Smitley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew C. Smitley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Athletic Training & Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Athletic Training & Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084679836","display_name":"Nicolette Annette Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0400-3035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0400-3035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4584351","display_name":"A.T. Still University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hr6q169","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4584351"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolette A. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4584351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148834287","display_name":"Victoria B. Bouchard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria B. Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University Athletics, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University Athletics, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148883277","display_name":"ThuyVy Nguyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295499534","display_name":"Seattle Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01njes783","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295499534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ThuyVy Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295499534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119744257","display_name":"Emily Mulkey Swisher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily K. Mulkey Swisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Medicine Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063587727","display_name":"Brant D. Berkstresser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75063564","display_name":"Tarleton State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0263v9e25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75063564"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brant D. Berkstresser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athletics, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athletics, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75063564"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019941795","display_name":"Gretchen Fox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gretchen B. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athletics, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athletics, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119744259","display_name":"Kassandra Mosley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186335123","display_name":"East Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx35703","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kassandra Mosley Riddle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athletics, Eastern Carolina University, Greenville, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athletics, Eastern Carolina University, Greenville, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"254","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14407","display_name":"Athletic Training and Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14407","display_name":"Athletic Training and Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletic-trainers","display_name":"athletic trainers","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-athletics","display_name":"college athletics","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover","display_name":"turnover","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-career-employees","display_name":"early-career employees","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership","display_name":"leadership","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-athletes","display_name":"student athletes","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-support","display_name":"organizational support","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777902257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038919","display_name":"Career Pathways","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779258753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813769","display_name":"Athletic training","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80245801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475","display_name":"Semi-structured interview","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777247013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038939","display_name":"Career development","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779023502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396569","display_name":"Ivory tower","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-25-009-or","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048857","display_name":"Journal of Athletic Training Education and Practice","issn_l":"3067-1833","issn":["3067-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324034529","host_organization_name":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324034529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Athletic Trainers' Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Athletic Training Education and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851835466","https://openalex.org/W1973740440","https://openalex.org/W1984316940","https://openalex.org/W1994032329","https://openalex.org/W2048956741","https://openalex.org/W2069921795","https://openalex.org/W2090266712","https://openalex.org/W2110582050","https://openalex.org/W2113158457","https://openalex.org/W2126967000","https://openalex.org/W2160880027","https://openalex.org/W2239008524","https://openalex.org/W2556806076","https://openalex.org/W2620721052","https://openalex.org/W2769323814","https://openalex.org/W2954017678","https://openalex.org/W3168275210","https://openalex.org/W4324018044","https://openalex.org/W4392741625","https://openalex.org/W4392923308","https://openalex.org/W4394920363","https://openalex.org/W4414552378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414552378","https://openalex.org/W2113158457","https://openalex.org/W2148586154","https://openalex.org/W2090830673","https://openalex.org/W2992377463","https://openalex.org/W2769323814","https://openalex.org/W4226191958","https://openalex.org/W350992062","https://openalex.org/W2911892596","https://openalex.org/W2546423824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context":[0],"Despite":[1],"employing":[2],"over":[3],"a":[4,15,139],"quarter":[5],"of":[6,50,54,60,118,125,188,194,239],"athletic":[7,26],"trainers,":[8],"the":[9,22,30,78,91,147,185,233,291],"college":[10,31,92,234],"or":[11,32,89,93,105,181,235],"university":[12,33,94,236],"setting":[13,34],"experiences":[14],"concerning":[16],"high":[17],"annual":[18],"turnover":[19],"rate.":[20],"In":[21],"existing":[23],"literature":[24],"on":[25,264],"trainers":[27],"practicing":[28],"in":[29,88,184,232,285,290,313],"(CATs),":[35],"low":[36],"salary":[37],"and":[38,56,82,123,131,156,160,167,199,217,221,224,252,267,274,278,310],"extreme":[39],"job":[40],"demands":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"identified":[44],"as":[45,177,203],"tangible":[46],"factors":[47,71,79],"causing":[48],"attrition":[49],"early-career":[51,81],"(0\u20136":[52],"years":[53,59,117],"experience)":[55,61,119],"career-advancing":[57,83],"(7\u201312":[58],"CATs;":[62],"however,":[63,270],"it":[64],"is":[65],"unknown":[66],"how":[67],"other":[68],"intangible":[69],"workplace":[70,197,246],"contribute":[72],"to":[73,86,152,205,256,288,297],"longevity.":[74],"Objective":[75],"To":[76],"explore":[77],"influencing":[80],"CATs\u2019":[84,314],"decisions":[85,286],"remain":[87],"leave":[90],"practice":[95],"setting.":[96,237,293],"Design":[97],"Qualitative":[98],"study.":[99],"Setting":[100],"Individual":[101,133],"virtual":[102],"interviews.":[103],"Patients":[104],"Other":[106],"Participants":[107,208],"Twenty-four":[108],"CATs":[109,240],"(16":[110],"female,":[111],"8":[112],"male;":[113],"6.33":[114],"\u00b1":[115],"3.05":[116],"from":[120],"23":[121],"colleges":[122],"universities":[124],"numerous":[126],"competitive":[127],"levels.":[128],"Data":[129,173],"Collection":[130],"Analysis":[132],"semistructured":[134],"interviews":[135],"were":[136,144,162,227,241,282],"conducted":[137],"using":[138],"validated":[140],"guide.":[141],"Transcribed":[142],"data":[143],"analyzed":[145],"following":[146],"consensual":[148],"qualitative":[149],"research":[150],"framework":[151],"identify":[153],"recurring":[154],"themes":[155,182,193],"categories.":[157],"Accuracy,":[158],"credibility,":[159],"trustworthiness":[161],"enhanced":[163],"through":[164],"member":[165],"checking":[166],"collaborative":[168,215,305],"analysis":[169],"by":[170,245],"7":[171],"researchers.":[172],"saturation":[174],"was":[175],"achieved":[176],"no":[178],"new":[179],"codes":[180],"emerged":[183,202],"final":[186],"rounds":[187],"analysis.":[189],"Results":[190],"Four":[191],"interrelated":[192],"relationships,":[195],"support,":[196],"culture,":[198,247],"professional":[200,257,276,315],"growth":[201,258],"central":[204],"CAT":[206],"retention.":[207],"emphasized":[209],"that":[210],"strong":[211],"connections":[212],"with":[213],"student-athletes,":[214],"peer":[216],"interprofessional":[218],"dynamics,":[219],"engaged":[220,302],"responsive":[222],"leadership,":[223,303],"adequate":[225,308],"resources":[226],"key":[228],"motivators":[229],"for":[230],"remaining":[231],"Experiences":[238],"also":[242],"strongly":[243],"influenced":[244],"leadership":[248],"style,":[249],"communication,":[250],"teamwork,":[251],"institutional":[253],"stability.":[254],"Access":[255],"opportunities":[259],"varied":[260],"widely,":[261],"often":[262],"depending":[263],"individual":[265],"initiative":[266],"organizational":[268],"investment;":[269],"clear":[271],"advancement":[272,280],"pathways":[273],"proactive":[275],"development":[277],"career":[279],"offerings":[281],"highly":[283],"valued":[284],"related":[287],"longevity":[289],"collegiate":[292],"Conclusions":[294],"Institutions":[295],"seeking":[296],"improve":[298],"retention":[299],"should":[300],"prioritize":[301],"foster":[304],"environments,":[306],"ensure":[307],"resources,":[309],"proactively":[311],"invest":[312],"growth.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}