{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204868960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","title":"Microencapsulated Blend of Thyme, Oregano, and Ajwain Essential Oils Enhances Broiler Productivity by Modulating Gut Morphology and Nutrient Digestibility","display_name":"Microencapsulated Blend of Thyme, Oregano, and Ajwain Essential Oils Enhances Broiler Productivity by Modulating Gut Morphology and Nutrient Digestibility","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204868960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42797933","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13611890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci13090898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139973768","display_name":"Maryam Sahraei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1187138","display_name":"Razi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynb0474","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Sahraei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058838090","display_name":"Reza Mahdavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-4273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-4273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1187138","display_name":"Razi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynb0474","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reza Mahdavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-4273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077531369","display_name":"Soudabeh Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-2038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-2038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1187138","display_name":"Razi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynb0474","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soudabeh Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-2038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076341542","display_name":"Leili Jamshidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-5611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-5611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1187138","display_name":"Razi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynb0474","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leili Jamshidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058838090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1187138"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2534},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2534},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"898","last_page":"898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyme-essential-oil","display_name":"thyme essential oil","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oregano-essential-oil","display_name":"oregano essential oil","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microencapsulation","display_name":"microencapsulation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-growth-promoter-alternatives","display_name":"antibiotic growth promoter alternatives","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-intake","display_name":"feed intake","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-morphology","display_name":"intestinal morphology","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/villus-height","display_name":"villus height","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-digestibility","display_name":"nutrient digestibility","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-protein-digestibility","display_name":"crude protein digestibility","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-antioxidant-status","display_name":"serum antioxidant status","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacitracin","display_name":"bacitracin","score":0.9150000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.8794000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327082","display_name":"Newcastle disease","level":3,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780065859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441186","display_name":"Feed additive","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777507495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185317","display_name":"Cecum","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777176278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557828","display_name":"Starter","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4878190","display_name":"Caecum","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16958541","display_name":"Protein efficiency ratio","level":4,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777226302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233345","display_name":"Ileum","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780206646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061596","display_name":"Lactobacillus","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509243982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2836947","display_name":"Animal feed","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777882243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11090","display_name":"Small intestine","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186940473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Essential nutrient","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci13090898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13611890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13611890/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13611890/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vet Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42797933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42797933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72e1e7152a834141a31f5951c692155f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72e1e7152a834141a31f5951c692155f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 898 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci13090898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13090898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322495","display_name":"Razi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynb0474"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204868960.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204868960.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983310681","https://openalex.org/W2037902005","https://openalex.org/W2048362329","https://openalex.org/W2077571550","https://openalex.org/W2078351533","https://openalex.org/W2091206490","https://openalex.org/W2095138508","https://openalex.org/W2097094559","https://openalex.org/W2490816206","https://openalex.org/W2891748112","https://openalex.org/W2945504842","https://openalex.org/W2998922178","https://openalex.org/W3003470849","https://openalex.org/W3005732597","https://openalex.org/W3015094364","https://openalex.org/W3126174938","https://openalex.org/W3144588512","https://openalex.org/W3202968940","https://openalex.org/W3204070964","https://openalex.org/W3215507374","https://openalex.org/W4283013850","https://openalex.org/W4308523105","https://openalex.org/W4361268643","https://openalex.org/W4387907101","https://openalex.org/W4388153102","https://openalex.org/W4388969144","https://openalex.org/W4393095517","https://openalex.org/W4399921427","https://openalex.org/W4400113098","https://openalex.org/W4405656459","https://openalex.org/W4408543796","https://openalex.org/W4410566551","https://openalex.org/W4411640647","https://openalex.org/W4417047932","https://openalex.org/W7122531342","https://openalex.org/W7128499257","https://openalex.org/W7202196070","https://openalex.org/W7202291043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392884132","https://openalex.org/W4408957025","https://openalex.org/W7122693873","https://openalex.org/W7117896803","https://openalex.org/W3034138636","https://openalex.org/W4408385817","https://openalex.org/W4414357114","https://openalex.org/W7130399372","https://openalex.org/W4387316972","https://openalex.org/W4406440061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"global":[1],"poultry":[2],"industry":[3],"seeks":[4],"sustainable":[5,216],"alternatives":[6],"to":[7,12,53,107,140,155,218],"antibiotic":[8],"growth":[9,201],"promoters":[10],"due":[11],"concerns":[13],"regarding":[14],"antimicrobial":[15],"resistance":[16],"and":[17,25,35,69,92,152,180,207,215],"chemical":[18],"residues.":[19],"This":[20],"trial":[21],"examined":[22],"the":[23,102,163],"physiological":[24],"productive":[26],"impacts":[27],"of":[28,32,45,78,167],"a":[29,57,61,128,213],"microencapsulated":[30,196],"blend":[31],"thyme,":[33],"oregano,":[34],"ajwain":[36],"essential":[37],"oils":[38],"(TOA-EOs)":[39],"in":[40,101],"broiler":[41,200],"chickens.":[42],"A":[43],"total":[44],"360":[46],"male":[47],"Ross":[48],"308":[49],"broilers":[50],"were":[51,138,187],"assigned":[52],"four":[54],"dietary":[55],"treatments:":[56],"basal":[58,62],"diet":[59,63],"(NC),":[60],"with":[64,72],"50":[65],"mg/kg":[66],"bacitracin":[67],"(PC),":[68],"diets":[70],"supplemented":[71],"either":[73],"0.75":[74,103],"or":[75],"1.5":[76],"g/kg":[77,104],"TOA-EOs.":[79],"Results":[80],"demonstrated":[81],"that":[82],"TOA-EO":[83],"supplementation":[84],"significantly":[85,146,171,189],"reduced":[86],"feed":[87,94],"intake":[88],"(p":[89,97,132,159,173,191],"<":[90,98,133,160,174],"0.05)":[91],"improved":[93],"conversion":[95],"ratio":[96,158],"0.05),":[99,175],"particularly":[100],"group":[105],"compared":[106],"NC.":[108],"However,":[109],"pairwise":[110],"comparisons":[111],"for":[112],"body":[113],"weight":[114],"gain":[115],"showed":[116],"no":[117],"significant":[118,129],"differences":[119],"among":[120],"treatments":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"Tukey\u2019s":[124],"HSD":[125],"test,":[126],"despite":[127],"overall":[130],"ANOVA":[131],"0.05).":[134,161,193],"These":[135],"performance":[136,202],"benefits":[137],"linked":[139],"enhanced":[141,172],"jejunal":[142],"morphology,":[143],"characterized":[144],"by":[145,203],"increased":[147],"villus":[148,153],"height,":[149],"surface":[150],"area,":[151],"height":[154],"crypt":[156],"depth":[157],"Furthermore,":[162],"apparent":[164],"ileal":[165],"digestibility":[166],"crude":[168],"protein":[169],"was":[170],"although":[176],"serum":[177],"antioxidant":[178],"status":[179],"immune":[181],"response":[182],"against":[183],"Newcastle":[184],"disease":[185],"virus":[186],"not":[188],"influenced":[190],">":[192],"In":[194],"conclusion,":[195],"TOA-EOs":[197],"effectively":[198],"promote":[199],"refining":[204],"intestinal":[205],"structure":[206],"enhancing":[208],"nutrient":[209],"digestibility,":[210],"serving":[211],"as":[212],"potent":[214],"alternative":[217],"traditional":[219],"antibiotics.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00"}