{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204858838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","title":"Chemical and Physical Control of Bracken Fern: Effects on Mulanje Mountain and Nyika Plateau Soils","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Control of Bracken Fern: Effects on Mulanje Mountain and Nyika Plateau Soils","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204858838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/aess/6898721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/aess/6898721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35029637","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","issn_l":"1687-7667","issn":["1687-7667","1687-7675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/aess/6898721","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137284149","display_name":"Innocent Julius Taulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4783-3716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4783-3716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266814","display_name":"Forestry Research Institute of Malawi","ror":"https://ror.org/05qheps57","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266814"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Innocent Julius Taulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forestry Department ,  Forestry Research Institute of Malawi , P.O. Box 270,  Zomba ,  Malawi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4783-3716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forestry Department ,  Forestry Research Institute of Malawi , P.O. Box 270,  Zomba ,  Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266814"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141226476","display_name":"Mphatso Martha Kalemba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8464-1223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8464-1223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115235","display_name":"Malawi Government","ror":"https://ror.org/02b90d314","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mphatso Martha Kalemba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Affairs Department , Lingadzi House Robert Mugabe Crescent P/Bag 394 Lilongwe 3,  Lilongwe ,  Malawi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8464-1223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Affairs Department , Lingadzi House Robert Mugabe Crescent P/Bag 394 Lilongwe 3,  Lilongwe ,  Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137284149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266814"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.6050000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.6050000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.218299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14468","display_name":"Plant Ecology and Soil Science","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pteridium-aquilinum","display_name":"Pteridium aquilinum","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-species-management","display_name":"invasive species management","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-control","display_name":"chemical control","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imazapyr","display_name":"imazapyr","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lime","display_name":"lime","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mowing","display_name":"mowing","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slashing","display_name":"slashing","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nutrients","display_name":"soil nutrients","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/available-phosphorus","display_name":"available phosphorus","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchangeable-calcium-and-magnesium","display_name":"exchangeable calcium and magnesium","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-n-ratio","display_name":"C/N ratio","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyika-plateau","display_name":"Nyika Plateau","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777123377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258034","display_name":"Bracken","level":3,"score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169478075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898934","display_name":"Kjeldahl method","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250423","display_name":"Lime","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776331030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895303","display_name":"Forester","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20529654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247456","display_name":"Topsoil","level":3,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778410482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369309","display_name":"Phosphorus pentoxide","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779413664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213548","display_name":"Pteridium aquilinum","level":3,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120359367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490032","display_name":"Chine","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993520016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316306","display_name":"Split plot","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901220","display_name":"Cambisol","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658","display_name":"Gypsum","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/aess/6898721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/aess/6898721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35029637","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","issn_l":"1687-7667","issn":["1687-7667","1687-7675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8412628239f049d98e6f253195fd44e5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8412628239f049d98e6f253195fd44e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Vol 2026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/aess/6898721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aess/6898721","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/aess/6898721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35029637","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","issn_l":"1687-7667","issn":["1687-7667","1687-7675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312592","display_name":"Global Environment Facility","ror":"https://ror.org/006xm7s91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204858838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204858838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W318293062","https://openalex.org/W1510166773","https://openalex.org/W1538484393","https://openalex.org/W1568123990","https://openalex.org/W1951965788","https://openalex.org/W1977217132","https://openalex.org/W1987455229","https://openalex.org/W1998147947","https://openalex.org/W2001327531","https://openalex.org/W2059910959","https://openalex.org/W2085072564","https://openalex.org/W2090252916","https://openalex.org/W2100148902","https://openalex.org/W2101097801","https://openalex.org/W2111924154","https://openalex.org/W2118871805","https://openalex.org/W2188177493","https://openalex.org/W2290429271","https://openalex.org/W2464736327","https://openalex.org/W2770558336","https://openalex.org/W2904515362","https://openalex.org/W2969092494","https://openalex.org/W2989970124","https://openalex.org/W3001583175","https://openalex.org/W3037480564","https://openalex.org/W3040243478","https://openalex.org/W3137718991","https://openalex.org/W3164047275","https://openalex.org/W3199436710","https://openalex.org/W3203609222","https://openalex.org/W3210534972","https://openalex.org/W4242294120","https://openalex.org/W4285801246","https://openalex.org/W4408486872","https://openalex.org/W7150172438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172094154","https://openalex.org/W2086364078","https://openalex.org/W3188863693","https://openalex.org/W10091620","https://openalex.org/W2151285505","https://openalex.org/W2277694345","https://openalex.org/W2313641229","https://openalex.org/W2004026612","https://openalex.org/W2969069234","https://openalex.org/W2120879815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pteridium":[0],"aquilinum":[1,297],"(bracken":[2],"fern),":[3],"a":[4,38],"prevalent":[5],"invasive":[6],"species,":[7],"dominates":[8],"high\u2010elevation":[9],"grasslands":[10],"on":[11],"Mulanje":[12,47],"Mountain":[13,48],"and":[14,24,49,55,95,116,146,150,152,174,195,212,232,272,287,302],"Nyika":[15,50],"Plateau":[16],"in":[17,184,238,262,282,306],"Malawi,":[18],"displacing":[19],"native":[20,299],"vegetation,":[21],"eroding":[22],"biodiversity,":[23],"disrupting":[25],"soil":[26,105,123,283],"nutrient":[27],"cycling":[28],"within":[29],"vital":[30],"Afro\u2010montane":[31],"watersheds.":[32],"This":[33],"four\u2010year":[34],"field":[35],"experiment":[36],"employed":[37],"randomized":[39],"complete":[40],"block":[41],"design":[42],"(RCBD)":[43],"with":[44,89,259],"two":[45],"sites:":[46],"Plateau,":[51],"designated":[52],"as":[53],"blocks":[54],"five":[56],"replicates":[57],"per":[58,111],"treatment.":[59],"Each":[60],"experimental":[61],"plot":[62],"measuring":[63],"35":[64],"\u00d7":[65,74,81],"29":[66],"m":[67,76,83],"was":[68],"subdivided":[69],"into":[70],"30":[71],"discrete":[72],"5":[73,75],"quadrants":[77],"buffered":[78],"by":[79,135,179],"1":[80,82],"buffers":[84],"to":[85,182,207,221,253,270],"minimize":[86],"edge":[87],"effects,":[88],"treatments":[90],"comprised":[91],"physical":[92,266],"(mowing,":[93],"slashing)":[94],"chemical":[96],"(Forester,":[97],"Eco\u2010Imazapyr,":[98],"lime)":[99],"interventions,":[100],"alongside":[101,289],"untreated":[102],"controls.":[103],"Random":[104],"samples":[106],"(0\u201315\u2010cm":[107],"depth;":[108],"six":[109],"subsamples":[110],"quadrant)":[112],"were":[113],"evaluated":[114],"pre\u2010":[115],"posttreatment":[117],"for":[118,165,295],"pH":[119,166,178],"(CaCl":[120],"2":[121,186],"),":[122,187,258],"organic":[124],"carbon":[125],"(SOC)":[126],"stocks":[127,200],"via":[128,142],"the":[129,136,143],"Walkley\u2013Black":[130],"titration,":[131],"total":[132],"nitrogen":[133],"(N)":[134],"Kjeldahl":[137],"digestion,":[138],"available":[139,172,215],"phosphorus":[140],"(P)":[141],"Mehlich\u20103":[144],"extraction":[145],"colorimetry,":[147],"exchangeable":[148],"Ca":[149],"Mg,":[151],"C:N":[153,263],"ratio.":[154],"One\u2010way":[155],"ANOVA":[156],"detected":[157],"significant":[158],"treatment":[159],"effects":[160],"(":[161,167],"\u03b1":[162],"=":[163],"0.05)":[164],"p":[168],"<":[169],"0.01),":[170],"SOC,":[171,286],"P,":[173],"Mg.":[175],"Lime":[176],"elevated":[177],"14.5%":[180],"(4.08":[181],"4.67":[183],"CaCl":[185],"surpassing":[188],"slashing":[189],"(11.6%),":[190],"Eco\u2010Imazapyr":[191],"(10.4%),":[192],"Forester":[193,204,249],"(9.7%),":[194],"mowing":[196,213],"(7.4%),":[197],"while":[198],"SOC":[199],"increased":[201],"most":[202],"under":[203,265,275],"(64.4%;":[205],"58.14":[206],"95.62":[208],"MgCha":[209],"\u22121":[210,224,230,235,242,257],")":[211,243],"(66.7%);":[214],"P":[216],"rose":[217],"universally":[218],"from":[219,251],"3.2":[220],"3.8":[222],"mgkg":[223,229,234,241],"baselines,":[225],"peaking":[226],"at":[227],"39.2":[228],"(Eco\u2010Imazapyr)":[231],"32.3":[233],"(mowing),":[236],"even":[237],"controls":[239],"(26.7":[240],"but":[244],"Mg":[245],"declined":[246],"sharply":[247],"including":[248],"58%":[250],"1.12":[252],"0.47":[254],"cmol(+)":[255],"kg":[256],"nonsignificant":[260],"trends":[261],"elevation":[264],"methods":[267],"(mowing:":[268],"7:1":[269],"12:1)":[271],"N":[273],"gains":[274],"herbicides.":[276],"These":[277],"findings":[278],"elucidate":[279],"treatment\u2010specific":[280],"enhancements":[281],"fertility":[284],"(pH,":[285],"P),":[288],"trade\u2010offs":[290],"(Mg),":[291],"furnishing":[292],"evidence\u2010based":[293],"protocols":[294],"P.":[296],"suppression,":[298],"grassland":[300],"restoration,":[301],"heightened":[303],"ecosystem":[304],"resilience":[305],"tropical":[307],"montane":[308],"soils.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
