{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204856683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","title":"Experimental Evaluation of Wi-Fi and BLE Smart Particles in a Rotating Drum: Link-Budget-Normalised RSSI Characterisation and IMU Validation of the Wi-Fi Particle","display_name":"Experimental Evaluation of Wi-Fi and BLE Smart Particles in a Rotating Drum: Link-Budget-Normalised RSSI Characterisation and IMU Validation of the Wi-Fi Particle","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204856683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42740101","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13568027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26175481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nancy Gulati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Gulati","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116465777","display_name":"Tahir Abbas Jauhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-2719","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-2719"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Jauhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-2719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085418326","display_name":"Gabri\u00ebl Lodewijks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-4346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-4346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Lodewijks","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050860806","display_name":"Michael J. Carr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Carr","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037994540","display_name":"Craig Wheeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Wheeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116465777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"17","first_page":"5481","last_page":"5481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.03779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-drum","display_name":"rotating drum","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensing","display_name":"wireless sensing","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"link budget","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading-statistics","display_name":"fading statistics","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"inertial measurement unit","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-selection","display_name":"sensor selection","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-delivery","display_name":"packet delivery","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-machinery-monitoring","display_name":"industrial machinery monitoring","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-attenuation","display_name":"signal attenuation","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"multipath propagation","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-speed","display_name":"critical speed","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/froude-number","display_name":"Froude number","score":0.8880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206835866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273090","display_name":"Froude number","level":3,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776250087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938869","display_name":"Power delay profile","level":5,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26175481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13568027","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13568027/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13568027/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42740101","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42740101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ab454c7037340e98ff3e1bcf588e8e4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ab454c7037340e98ff3e1bcf588e8e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 26, Iss 17, p 5481 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26175481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6834904329","display_name":"Deep Learning Augmented Intelligent Grinding Mill Simulation and Design","funder_award_id":"LP190100378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204856683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204856683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1178595422","https://openalex.org/W1531332991","https://openalex.org/W1549889948","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1975880136","https://openalex.org/W2023411275","https://openalex.org/W2045186954","https://openalex.org/W2049159891","https://openalex.org/W2069242667","https://openalex.org/W2090044189","https://openalex.org/W2104656447","https://openalex.org/W2116174408","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2132265582","https://openalex.org/W2220431793","https://openalex.org/W2488793338","https://openalex.org/W2946062014","https://openalex.org/W2972649301","https://openalex.org/W3034484002","https://openalex.org/W3204758988","https://openalex.org/W4223596317","https://openalex.org/W4235594362","https://openalex.org/W4302368431","https://openalex.org/W4388378668","https://openalex.org/W4389954499","https://openalex.org/W4393124509","https://openalex.org/W4405706196","https://openalex.org/W4411995285","https://openalex.org/W4415209517","https://openalex.org/W4416972415","https://openalex.org/W7117166995","https://openalex.org/W7122707828","https://openalex.org/W7128736841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144056151","https://openalex.org/W2548410008","https://openalex.org/W2149669000","https://openalex.org/W4254425309","https://openalex.org/W2074333301","https://openalex.org/W2774792912","https://openalex.org/W1976678227","https://openalex.org/W2023072952","https://openalex.org/W4399887937","https://openalex.org/W2068176688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensing":[1],"inside":[2],"rotating":[3,379],"industrial":[4],"machines":[5],"is":[6,126,157,201,282,286,319,332],"challenging":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,103,159],"signal":[10,40,199,271],"attenuation,":[11],"multipath":[12],"propagation,":[13],"and":[14,24,48,73,95,99,109,194,236,277,290,309,316],"continuous":[15],"sensor":[16,52],"motion.":[17],"Smart":[18],"particles":[19,141,183,243],"equipped":[20],"with":[21,89,121,136,340,393],"wireless":[22,39,315],"communication":[23],"inertial":[25,395],"sensors":[26],"provide":[27],"a":[28,59,77,187,298,341,390],"promising":[29],"approach":[30],"for":[31,51,239,366],"monitoring":[32],"such":[33],"systems.":[34],"However,":[35],"the":[36,106,124,143,160,165,180,195,223,240,284,304,314,357,363,367,394],"reliability":[37],"of":[38,63,105,112,142,151,162,168,231,336,345,352,378],"transmission":[41,161],"under":[42,288],"rotational":[43],"dynamics":[44],"remains":[45],"insufficiently":[46],"understood,":[47],"systematic":[49],"approaches":[50],"selection":[53,266],"are":[54],"lacking.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"presents":[58],"link-budget-normalised":[60],"experimental":[61],"characterisation":[62],"three":[64],"commercial":[65],"smart":[66],"particles,":[67],"namely":[68],"MetaMotionS":[69],"(BLE),":[70],"WitMotion":[71,74],"BLE,":[72],"Wi-Fi,":[75],"in":[76,330,334],"bare":[78],"300":[79],"mm":[80,84],"diameter":[81],"by":[82,148,321],"310":[83],"deep":[85],"metallic":[86],"drum":[87,358],"fitted":[88],"six":[90],"triangular":[91],"lifters,":[92],"at":[93,96,153,207,371,384],"rest":[94],"16,":[97],"18,":[98],"20":[100],"RPM,":[101],"corresponding":[102],"20.7\u201325.9%":[104],"critical":[107],"speed":[108,209],"Froude":[110],"numbers":[111],"0.043\u20130.067.":[113],"Because":[114],"raw":[115],"received":[116],"power":[117,120,163],"conflates":[118],"transmit":[119],"channel":[122,192],"behaviour,":[123],"comparison":[125],"expressed":[127],"as":[128],"excess":[129],"path":[130],"loss":[131],"above":[132,300,388],"free":[133],"space":[134],"together":[135],"second-order":[137],"fading":[138],"statistics.":[139],"Two":[140,182],"same":[144],"protocol":[145,177],"class":[146,178],"differ":[147],"23.9":[149],"dB,":[150],"which":[152,302],"most":[154],"4":[155],"dB":[156,233,238],"attributable":[158],"across":[164],"documented":[166],"range":[167],"both":[169,323],"radios,":[170],"establishing":[171],"that":[172],"device":[173],"implementation":[174],"rather":[175,217],"than":[176,218],"governs":[179],"ranking.":[181],"logged":[184],"simultaneously":[185],"through":[186],"single":[188],"receiver":[189],"observe":[190],"one":[191,335],"realisation,":[193],"correlation":[196],"between":[197,306,313],"their":[198],"fluctuations":[200],"not":[202],"significantly":[203],"different":[204],"from":[205],"zero":[206],"any":[208],"(r":[210],"=":[211],"+0.064,":[212],"\u22120.098,":[213],"\u22120.083),":[214],"indicating":[215],"device-specific":[216],"environmental":[219],"fading.":[220],"Under":[221],"rotation,":[222],"Wi-Fi":[224],"particle":[225],"holds":[226],"an":[227],"RSSI":[228,331,349,382],"standard":[229],"deviation":[230],"1.96":[232],"against":[234],"6.27":[235],"6.58":[237],"two":[241],"BLE":[242],"(Welch":[244],"ANOVA,":[245],"p":[246,255],"<":[247,256],"0.001;":[248,257],"Games\u2013Howell":[249],"post":[250],"hoc,":[251],"all":[252],"pairwise":[253],"comparisons":[254],"|Cliff\u2019s":[258],"\u03b4|":[259],">":[260],"0.96).":[261],"A":[262,327],"bounded,":[263],"dimensionless":[264],"multi-criteria":[265],"procedure":[267],"over":[268],"link":[269,307],"margin,":[270],"variability,":[272],"cross-speed":[273],"consistency,":[274],"packet":[275,281],"delivery,":[276],"energy":[278],"per":[279],"delivered":[280],"introduced;":[283],"ranking":[285],"invariant":[287],"weighted-sum":[289],"TOPSIS":[291],"aggregation":[292],"but":[293,360],"inverts":[294],"once":[295],"endurance":[296],"carries":[297],"weight":[299],"0.35,":[301],"quantifies":[303],"trade-off":[305],"quality":[308],"battery":[310],"life.":[311],"Coupling":[312],"motion":[317,369],"streams":[318],"examined":[320],"folding":[322],"onto":[324],"rotation":[325],"phase.":[326],"rotation-locked":[328],"component":[329],"detected":[333],"nine":[337],"sensor\u2013speed":[338],"combinations,":[339],"maximum":[342],"modulation":[343],"amplitude":[344],"0.92":[346],"dB.":[347],"The":[348],"logging":[350,383],"cadence":[351],"approximately":[353],"1":[354],"Hz":[355,386],"resolves":[356],"fundamental":[359],"lies":[361],"below":[362],"Nyquist":[364],"requirement":[365],"dominant":[368],"band":[370],"0.91\u20131.04":[372],"Hz,":[373],"so":[374],"joint":[375],"wireless\u2013motion":[376],"studies":[377],"machinery":[380],"require":[381],"5":[385],"or":[387],"on":[389],"clock":[391],"shared":[392],"unit.":[396]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}