{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204856545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","title":"CAM-Threshold-Guided Weakly Supervised Lesion Segmentation and Relative Lesion-Burden Stratification of Wheat Stripe Rust Using CF2- WRD and Light-UNet","display_name":"CAM-Threshold-Guided Weakly Supervised Lesion Segmentation and Relative Lesion-Burden Stratification of Wheat Stripe Rust Using CF2- WRD and Light-UNet","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204856545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10959751/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10959751/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132708202","display_name":"Bojian Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8353-2436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8353-2436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17831865","display_name":"Kyrgyz State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c9f4y89","country_code":"KG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}],"countries":["KG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojian Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148789376","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0670-5006","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0670-5006"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17831865","display_name":"Kyrgyz State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c9f4y89","country_code":"KG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}],"countries":["KG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin LI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151501169","display_name":"Nazgul Ismanovna Temirbaeva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17831865","display_name":"Kyrgyz State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c9f4y89","country_code":"KG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}],"countries":["KG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Temirbaeva Nazgul Ismanovna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003406745","display_name":"A.Dzh. Kartanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-0747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-0747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17831865","display_name":"Kyrgyz State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c9f4y89","country_code":"KG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}],"countries":["KG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asel Kartanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyrgyz State Technical University after I Razzakov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17831865"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-stripe-rust","display_name":"wheat stripe rust","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-segmentation","display_name":"lesion segmentation","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakly-supervised-segmentation","display_name":"weakly supervised segmentation","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grad-cam","display_name":"Grad-CAM","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-labeling","display_name":"pseudo-labeling","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994440102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56291501","display_name":"Stripe rust","level":4,"score":0.8360999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192943249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893382","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","level":5,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197781089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575650","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10959751/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7362481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7362481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7362481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10959751/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10959751/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324782","display_name":"Gansu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ym42410"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204856545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204856545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1733384480","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2795016359","https://openalex.org/W3084116196","https://openalex.org/W3151070116","https://openalex.org/W4280525625","https://openalex.org/W4281389393","https://openalex.org/W4300860940","https://openalex.org/W4327731779","https://openalex.org/W4399381196","https://openalex.org/W4402933619","https://openalex.org/W4410729144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319879411","https://openalex.org/W7162248765","https://openalex.org/W4388945139","https://openalex.org/W4289205500","https://openalex.org/W4310241727","https://openalex.org/W7172389059","https://openalex.org/W4399381196","https://openalex.org/W4327731779","https://openalex.org/W4291710846","https://openalex.org/W7206467790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurate":[1],"localization":[2],"and":[3,14,60,67,72,153],"quantification":[4],"of":[5,70],"wheat":[6],"stripe":[7],"rust":[8],"lesions":[9],"are":[10],"important":[11],"for":[12,40],"phenotyping":[13],"disease":[15],"management,":[16],"yet":[17],"dense":[18],"pixel-level":[19],"annotation":[20],"is":[21],"costly.":[22],"We":[23],"present":[24],"a":[25,32,41,99,122],"Grad-CAM-guided":[26],"weakly":[27],"supervised":[28],"framework":[29],"that":[30],"reuses":[31],"dual-branch":[33],"image":[34],"classifier,":[35],"CF2-WRD,":[36],"to":[37,110,119],"generate":[38],"pseudo-labels":[39,86],"compact":[42],"Light-UNet":[43],"segmenter.":[44],"The":[45,125],"dataset":[46],"contained":[47],"34,694":[48],"images":[49],"in":[50,121],"87":[51],"image-level":[52],"categories,":[53],"split":[54],"into":[55],"27,834":[56],"training,":[57],"3,430":[58,61],"validation,":[59],"test":[62,68],"images.":[63],"CF2-WRD":[64],"achieved":[65],"validation":[66,85],"accuracies":[69],"0.8776":[71],"0.8711.":[73],"Among":[74],"four":[75],"CAM":[76],"thresholds,":[77],"0.40":[78],"produced":[79],"the":[80,104],"highest":[81],"agreement":[82,149],"with":[83,150],"CAM-derived":[84],"(mIoU":[87],"0.6584,":[88],"Dice":[89],"0.7101,":[90],"lesion":[91,138],"IoU":[92],"0.5555),":[93],"whereas":[94],"0.45":[95],"was":[96,129],"used":[97],"as":[98],"conservative":[100],"operating":[101],"point.":[102],"Raising":[103],"segmentation":[105],"probability":[106],"threshold":[107],"from":[108,117],"0.50":[109],"0.80":[111],"reduced":[112],"mean":[113],"predicted":[114],"lesion-to-leaf":[115],"ratio":[116],"55.02%":[118],"29.63%":[120],"300-image":[123],"subset.":[124],"3,430-image":[126],"burden":[127,154],"distribution":[128],"stratified":[130],"by":[131],"empirical":[132],"quartiles.":[133],"Because":[134],"no":[135],"independent":[136],"manual":[137],"masks":[139],"or":[140],"expert-calibrated":[141],"severity":[142,162],"labels":[143],"were":[144],"available,":[145],"overlap":[146],"metrics":[147],"quantify":[148],"weak-supervision":[151],"targets":[152],"groups":[155],"represent":[156],"dataset-relative":[157],"rankings":[158],"rather":[159],"than":[160],"agronomic":[161],"grades.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}