{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204848722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","title":"Hierarchical microstructural evolution and performance enhancement in T6-treated ADC12 alloys through coupled bismuth modification and SiC nanoparticle reinforcement","display_name":"Hierarchical microstructural evolution and performance enhancement in T6-treated ADC12 alloys through coupled bismuth modification and SiC nanoparticle reinforcement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204848722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023760864","display_name":"Kowit Ponhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-0951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-0951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179193067","display_name":"Khon Kaen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cq4gr50","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179193067"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kowit Ponhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179193067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090411952","display_name":"Porawit Jiandon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-7053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-7053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277729","display_name":"Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03pzv5517","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285782058","https://openalex.org/I4405277729"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Porawit Jiandon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277729"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003956012","display_name":"Charinrat Potisawang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7087-3361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7087-3361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277729","display_name":"Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03pzv5517","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285782058","https://openalex.org/I4405277729"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charinrat Potisawang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277729"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023760864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179193067"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10717","display_name":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10717","display_name":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10670","display_name":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","score":0.3127000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10530","display_name":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adc12-aluminum-alloy","display_name":"ADC12 aluminum alloy","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-carbide-nanoparticles","display_name":"silicon carbide nanoparticles","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-matrix-nanocomposites","display_name":"aluminum matrix nanocomposites","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t6-heat-treatment","display_name":"T6 heat treatment","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spheroidization","display_name":"spheroidization","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orowan-strengthening","display_name":"Orowan strengthening","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-mismatch-strengthening","display_name":"thermal mismatch strengthening","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructural-evolution","display_name":"microstructure evolution","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribological-properties","display_name":"tribological properties","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-rate","display_name":"wear rate","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-coefficient","display_name":"friction coefficient","score":0.8529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18168003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628595","display_name":"Eutectic system","level":3,"score":0.8273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776536451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5503432","display_name":"Friction stir processing","level":3,"score":0.6782000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.632099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5446000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79148161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456874","display_name":"Strengthening mechanisms of materials","level":3,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412356","display_name":"Silicon carbide","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5335593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241906","display_name":"Carbide","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778703219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898562","display_name":"Inconel","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175997439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249417","display_name":"Superplasticity","level":3,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152106835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674027","display_name":"Acicular","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154634170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779974","display_name":"Precipitation hardening","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37487178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5414402","display_name":"Eutectic bonding","level":4,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33947775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271439","display_name":"Elongation","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950502","display_name":"Nanomanufacturing","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182508753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115605","display_name":"Tensile testing","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45780264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866682","display_name":"Fractography","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00945-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2988319939","https://openalex.org/W2803468718","https://openalex.org/W2972012617","https://openalex.org/W2985500293","https://openalex.org/W2796420762","https://openalex.org/W6959302132","https://openalex.org/W2982761489","https://openalex.org/W2983961747","https://openalex.org/W4405838270","https://openalex.org/W7160543211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"comprehensively":[2],"evaluates":[3],"the":[4,18,97,100,119,131,137,149,158,188,195],"coupled":[5],"influence":[6],"of":[7,26,105,178,205,228],"bismuth":[8],"(Bi)":[9],"modification":[10],"and":[11,23,31,42,112,145,172,183,203,219,221,230],"silicon":[12],"carbide":[13],"(SiC)":[14],"nanoparticle":[15],"reinforcement":[16],"on":[17],"microstructural":[19,217],"evolution,":[20],"mechanical":[21],"properties,":[22],"tribological":[24],"performance":[25,231],"ADC12-based":[27],"materials":[28],"under":[29,118],"as-cast":[30,120,189],"T6-treated":[32,154],"conditions.":[33],"ADC12":[34,37,190,233],"alloy,":[35,99],"Bi-modified":[36],"alloy":[38],"(0.5":[39],"wt%":[40,48],"Bi),":[41],"ADC12\u2013Bi\u2013SiC":[43,101,155],"nanocomposites":[44],"reinforced":[45],"with":[46,90],"1":[47],"SiC":[49,82],"nanoparticles":[50,83],"were":[51],"fabricated":[52],"via":[53],"ultrasonically":[54],"assisted":[55],"stir":[56],"casting":[57],"followed":[58],"by":[59],"T6":[60,123,223],"heat":[61],"treatment.":[62],"Microstructural":[63],"characterization":[64],"revealed":[65],"that":[66,211],"Bi":[67],"primarily":[68],"modified":[69],"eutectic":[70,92,115,125,214],"Si":[71,76,93,116,126],"morphology,":[72],"transforming":[73],"coarse":[74],"acicular":[75],"into":[77],"finer":[78],"rod-like":[79],"structures,":[80],"whereas":[81],"promoted":[84],"substantial":[85],"\u03b1-Al":[86,109],"grain":[87,110],"refinement":[88,218],"together":[89],"further":[91],"refinement.":[94],"Relative":[95],"to":[96,176,187],"unmodified":[98],"composite":[102,138,156],"exhibited":[103,157,194],"reductions":[104],"approximately":[106,179],"60%":[107],"in":[108,114,136,232],"size":[111],"72%":[113],"length":[117],"condition.":[121],"After":[122],"treatment,":[124],"underwent":[127],"pronounced":[128],"spheroidization,":[129],"achieving":[130],"highest":[132,159],"roundness":[133],"value":[134],"(0.89)":[135],"system.":[139],"Quantitative":[140],"strengthening":[141,147],"analysis":[142],"identified":[143],"thermal-mismatch":[144],"Orowan":[146],"as":[148],"predominant":[150],"SiC-related":[151],"contributions.":[152],"The":[153],"hardness":[160],"(177.1":[161],"HV),":[162],"yield":[163],"strength":[164,169],"(290.2":[165],"MPa),":[166,171],"ultimate":[167],"tensile":[168],"(345.2":[170],"elongation":[173],"(5.3%),":[174],"corresponding":[175],"improvements":[177],"81%,":[180],"101%,":[181],"82%,":[182],"104%,":[184],"respectively,":[185],"relative":[186],"alloy.":[191,234],"It":[192],"also":[193],"lowest":[196],"wear":[197],"rate":[198],"(2.89":[199],"\u00d7":[200],"10\u207b\u2074":[201],"mm\u00b3/N\u00b7m)":[202],"coefficient":[204],"friction":[206],"(0.34).":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"demonstrate":[210],"complementary":[212],"Bi-induced":[213],"modification,":[215],"SiC-assisted":[216],"strengthening,":[220],"subsequent":[222],"treatment":[224],"provide":[225],"sequential":[226],"control":[227],"microstructure":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
