{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204846465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","title":"SA-GGCoT: social-aware graph-grounded chain-of-thought for multimodal claim verification under bounded evidence","display_name":"SA-GGCoT: social-aware graph-grounded chain-of-thought for multimodal claim verification under bounded evidence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204846465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139983362","display_name":"Yuechuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7252-4254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7252-4254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuechuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555620","display_name":"Wen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4809-2377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4809-2377","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-2748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, PLA, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, PLA, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039208153","display_name":"Hongyu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1709-5399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1709-5399","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-5758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148770655","display_name":"Yixuan Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147152606","display_name":"Yaxuan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034269796","display_name":"Bin Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-2907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-2907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064654210","display_name":"Mingshu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-5938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-5938","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7064-903X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570617","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force","ror":"https://ror.org/011gh0524","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133972","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingshu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering University of the Chinese People\u2019s Armed Police Force, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064654210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428","https://openalex.org/I4396570617"],"apc_list":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"apc_paid":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-of-thought","display_name":"chain-of-thought","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-text-matching","display_name":"image-text matching","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weibo","display_name":"Weibo","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pheme","display_name":"PHEME","score":0.871999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58cfa9962c2c4019935ae8042c637748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58cfa9962c2c4019935ae8042c637748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 7 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-026-01072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327557","display_name":"National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04m0ms912"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204846465.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204846465.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975594555","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2540896251","https://openalex.org/W2543744876","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2912305564","https://openalex.org/W2954444514","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970528279","https://openalex.org/W2997128522","https://openalex.org/W3022924198","https://openalex.org/W3099911888","https://openalex.org/W3114651185","https://openalex.org/W3156355701","https://openalex.org/W3156558703","https://openalex.org/W3156636935","https://openalex.org/W3162234211","https://openalex.org/W3176713826","https://openalex.org/W3211686893","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4225794717","https://openalex.org/W4229004535","https://openalex.org/W4285197608","https://openalex.org/W4294770674","https://openalex.org/W4379806284","https://openalex.org/W4382239959","https://openalex.org/W4384648451","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4385570481","https://openalex.org/W4390672686","https://openalex.org/W4390723197","https://openalex.org/W4391987939","https://openalex.org/W4392637287","https://openalex.org/W4401660192","https://openalex.org/W4402670429","https://openalex.org/W4402671673","https://openalex.org/W4402683739","https://openalex.org/W4402727075","https://openalex.org/W4402753983","https://openalex.org/W4403791383","https://openalex.org/W4403853618","https://openalex.org/W4404792818","https://openalex.org/W4409263079","https://openalex.org/W4409573666","https://openalex.org/W4412888602","https://openalex.org/W4412888649","https://openalex.org/W4414940327","https://openalex.org/W4416197634","https://openalex.org/W6922346929","https://openalex.org/W6963166942","https://openalex.org/W7130817414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117851540","https://openalex.org/W6911872101","https://openalex.org/W4394906549","https://openalex.org/W4409122145","https://openalex.org/W7165790093","https://openalex.org/W4405468067","https://openalex.org/W7129696564","https://openalex.org/W4415965030","https://openalex.org/W4414690777","https://openalex.org/W7203502658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"misinformation":[1],"often":[2],"reuses":[3],"authentic":[4],"images":[5],"while":[6],"shifting":[7],"key":[8],"contextual":[9],"details":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"time,":[13],"location,":[14],"identity,":[15],"or":[16],"event":[17],"description,":[18],"making":[19],"verification":[20,35],"harder":[21],"than":[22],"ordinary":[23],"image-text":[24],"matching.":[25],"We":[26,53],"study":[27],"this":[28],"problem":[29],"under":[30],"a":[31,49,56,77],"bounded-evidence":[32],"setting,":[33],"where":[34],"relies":[36],"on":[37,86],"limited":[38],"external":[39],"evidence":[40,72,79,83],"and,":[41],"when":[42],"available,":[43],"early":[44],"social":[45],"traces":[46],"collected":[47],"within":[48],"fixed":[50],"post-publication":[51],"window.":[52],"propose":[54],"SA-GGCoT,":[55],"three-stage":[57],"framework":[58],"that":[59],"uses":[60],"checkpoint-aware":[61],"state":[62],"tracking":[63],"to":[64,69,81],"localize":[65],"conflicting":[66],"evidence,":[67],"LLMs":[68],"convert":[70],"selected":[71],"into":[73],"structured":[74],"rationales,":[75],"and":[76,89,100],"heterogeneous":[78],"graph":[80],"verify":[82],"consistency.":[84],"Experiments":[85],"Weibo,":[87],"PHEME,":[88],"MR":[90],"$$^2$$":[91],"show":[92],"consistent":[93],"gains":[94],"over":[95],"protocol-matched":[96],"baselines,":[97],"with":[98],"ablation":[99],"grounding":[101],"analyses":[102],"supporting":[103],"the":[104],"contribution":[105],"of":[106],"each":[107],"component.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
