{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204828757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","title":"Genetic diversity, phylogeny, and population structure of Leishmania isolates from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Ethiopia","display_name":"Genetic diversity, phylogeny, and population structure of Leishmania isolates from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Ethiopia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204828757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004534480","display_name":"Girma Shumie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-3564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-3564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42869670","display_name":"Arba Minch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssp9h11","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Girma Shumie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arba Minch University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arba Minch University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021320548","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Solana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Carlos Solana","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093559787","display_name":"Nigatu Negash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-7436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-7436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigatu Negash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148815006","display_name":"Arantxa Marco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arantxa Marco","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012033603","display_name":"Eshetu Molla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-0622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-0622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eshetu Molla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084634315","display_name":"Galana Mamo Ayana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-0172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-0172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galana Mamo Ayana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133491840","display_name":"Adisu Asefa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-4257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-4257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adisu Asefa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023099121","display_name":"Amanuel Albene Ayele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanuel Albene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084298246","display_name":"Dagmawi Hailu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagmawi Hailu Yemane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139536777","display_name":"Eyob Fekadu Shegaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1531-0586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1531-0586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyob Fekadu Shegaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139511302","display_name":"Zemed Biyazn Abebe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zemed Biyazn Abebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044398273","display_name":"Abaysew Ayele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-2960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-2960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abaysew Ayele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046678785","display_name":"Fikregabrail Aberra Kassa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2005-6179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2005-6179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fikregabrail Aberra Kassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121047997","display_name":"Sagni Chali Jira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-3793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-3793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagni Chali Jira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121329232","display_name":"Mehret Techane Woge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42869670","display_name":"Arba Minch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssp9h11","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehret Techane Woge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arba Minch University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arba Minch University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147317356","display_name":"Carmen S\u00e1nchez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039935199","display_name":"Marina Boni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-7246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-7246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298973761","display_name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/022mz6y25","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298973761"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Boni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298973761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079847721","display_name":"Byron A. Arana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-7093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-7093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298973761","display_name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/022mz6y25","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298973761"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Arana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298973761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123020189","display_name":"Javier Moreno","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044811237","display_name":"Fekadu Massebo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-9567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-9567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42869670","display_name":"Arba Minch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssp9h11","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fekadu Massebo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arba Minch University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arba Minch University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077695054","display_name":"Endalamaw Gadisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-6278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-6278","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-5466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159743","display_name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05mfff588","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endalamaw Gadisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armauer Hansen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004534480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutaneous-leishmaniasis","display_name":"cutaneous leishmaniasis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-aethiopica","display_name":"Leishmania aethiopica","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-tropica","display_name":"Leishmania tropica","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-structure","display_name":"population structure","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogeny","display_name":"phylogeny","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/its1-sequencing","display_name":"ITS1 sequencing","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms","display_name":"single nucleotide polymorphisms","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype-diversity","display_name":"haplotype diversity","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territorial-differentiation","display_name":"territorial differentiation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7932999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.6499000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2590966","display_name":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781333301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950752","display_name":"Leishmania donovani","level":4,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10860467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296519","display_name":"Ecotype","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046113","display_name":"Visceral leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193262319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532875","display_name":"Genetic admixture","level":3,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75069973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913584","display_name":"Genetic genealogy","level":3,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068267","display_name":"Nucleotide diversity","level":5,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780599195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950715","display_name":"Leishmania major","level":4,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532925","display_name":"Genetic structure","level":4,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125390029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297859","display_name":"Species complex","level":4,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778338367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950818","display_name":"Leishmania tropica","level":4,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64618202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3733697","display_name":"Genetic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155794727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306414","display_name":"Internal transcribed spacer","level":4,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190789776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767511","display_name":"Genetic marker","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10449361/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93588716","https://openalex.org/W1546410468","https://openalex.org/W1585150267","https://openalex.org/W1946252112","https://openalex.org/W1975367082","https://openalex.org/W1976889063","https://openalex.org/W1991935579","https://openalex.org/W2002878904","https://openalex.org/W2050995804","https://openalex.org/W2057832194","https://openalex.org/W2079672688","https://openalex.org/W2108395290","https://openalex.org/W2115264402","https://openalex.org/W2140784970","https://openalex.org/W2162021077","https://openalex.org/W2164418313","https://openalex.org/W2171659107","https://openalex.org/W2760914700","https://openalex.org/W2776914431","https://openalex.org/W2903490264","https://openalex.org/W2909485498","https://openalex.org/W2951464304","https://openalex.org/W2969284254","https://openalex.org/W3124321054","https://openalex.org/W4281731086","https://openalex.org/W4286449573","https://openalex.org/W4293574604","https://openalex.org/W4366590263","https://openalex.org/W4375955972","https://openalex.org/W4379057200","https://openalex.org/W4389849988","https://openalex.org/W4390338685","https://openalex.org/W4403454278","https://openalex.org/W4408328825","https://openalex.org/W4410986800","https://openalex.org/W4411604307","https://openalex.org/W4412487010","https://openalex.org/W4417453120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417453120","https://openalex.org/W2002315092","https://openalex.org/W4389849988","https://openalex.org/W4408328825","https://openalex.org/W2057832194","https://openalex.org/W2335273364","https://openalex.org/W2951539863","https://openalex.org/W2130306872","https://openalex.org/W3134885886","https://openalex.org/W4412487010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Cutaneous":[1],"leishmaniasis":[2],"(CL)":[3],"in":[4,158,167,196],"Ethiopia":[5],"has":[6],"historically":[7],"been":[8],"attributed":[9],"almost":[10],"exclusively":[11],"to":[12,66,186],"Leishmania":[13,81],"aethiopica":[14,61,82,116,146,169],".":[15,74],"However,":[16],"recent":[17,101],"molecular":[18,179],"evidence":[19],"indicated":[20],"greater":[21],"species":[22,70],"complexity.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"assessed":[26],"genetic":[27,142],"diversity,":[28],"geographic":[29,79,106],"association":[30],"and":[31,90,104,129,148,162,181,190],"evolutionary":[32],"patterns":[33],"of":[34,40,114,194],"CL":[35,156,195],"isolates":[36,147],"using":[37],"ITS1":[38,112,164],"sequencing":[39,113,183],"96":[41,52,119],"Slit":[42],"skin":[43],"smear":[44],"samples":[45,117],"from":[46],"parasitologically":[47],"confirmed":[48],"cases.":[49],"Of":[50],"the":[51,67,155],"successfully":[53],"typed":[54],"isolates,":[55],"(88.5%,":[56],"85/96)":[57],"clustered":[58],"with":[59,77,100],"L.":[60,68,115,145,168],",":[62,76],"while":[63],"11.5%":[64],"belonged":[65],"donovani":[69],"complex":[71],"or":[72],"L":[73],"tropica":[75],"uneven":[78],"distribution.":[80],"displayed":[83],"high":[84,141],"haplotype":[85],"diversity":[86,93],"(Hd":[87],"=":[88,95,127],"0.9929)":[89],"low":[91],"nucleotide":[92],"(\u03c0":[94],"0.0144),":[96],"a":[97,150],"pattern":[98],"consistent":[99],"demographic":[102],"expansion,":[103],"weak":[105],"differentiation":[107],"(F":[108],"ST":[109],"\u2248":[110],"0.031).":[111],"revealed":[118,140],"high-confidence":[120],"SNPs,":[121],"including":[122],"11":[123],"fully":[124],"fixed":[125,161],"(frequency":[126],"1)":[128],"5":[130],"near-fixed":[131,163],"(\u2265":[132],"0.97)":[133],"variants":[134],"across":[135],"all":[136],"sites.":[137],"Our":[138],"findings":[139],"heterogeneity":[143],"among":[144],"underscore":[149],"complex,":[151],"multi-species":[152],"aetiology":[153],"driving":[154],"burden":[157],"Ethiopia.":[159,197],"The":[160],"SNPs":[165],"identified":[166],"may":[170],"serve":[171],"as":[172],"targets":[173],"for":[174],"ecotype":[175],"identification.":[176],"Thus,":[177],"enhanced":[178],"surveillance":[180],"genome-wide":[182],"are":[184],"recommended":[185],"elucidate":[187],"transmission":[188],"dynamics":[189],"guide":[191],"clinical":[192],"management":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
