{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204828111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","title":"Digital Evidence in Police Practice and Competency Gaps in Digital Forensics Education","display_name":"Digital Evidence in Police Practice and Competency Gaps in Digital Forensics Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204828111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/cndcgs/article/2488/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202721","display_name":"Challenges to national defence in a contemporary geopolitical situation","issn_l":"2538-8959","issn":["2538-8959","2669-2023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/cndcgs/article/2488/file/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126213074","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Zaj\u00edc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2052-3771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2052-3771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657979","display_name":"Ambis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z8bdw71","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milo\u0161 ZAJ\u00cdC","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038763330","display_name":"Jan Kolouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-8376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-8376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657979","display_name":"Ambis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z8bdw71","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan KOLOUCH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148794762","display_name":"David KOV\u00c1\u0158","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657979","display_name":"Ambis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z8bdw71","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David KOV\u00c1\u0158","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Law , Ambis University , Lindnerova 575 180 00 Praha , Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148818522","display_name":"Dirk PAWLASZCYZK","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116397343","display_name":"Hochschule Mittweida","ror":"https://ror.org/024ga3r86","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk PAWLASZCYZK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027223908","display_name":"Philipp Engler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-8769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-8769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116397343","display_name":"Hochschule Mittweida","ror":"https://ror.org/024ga3r86","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp ENGLER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106803005","display_name":"Ronny Bodach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116397343","display_name":"Hochschule Mittweida","ror":"https://ror.org/024ga3r86","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronny BODACH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Applied Computer Sciences & Biosciences , Hochschule Mittweida , University of Applied Sciences. Technikumplatz 17 , Mittweida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"1079","last_page":"1087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14171","display_name":"Education, Law, and Society","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-evidence","display_name":"digital evidence","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics-education","display_name":"digital forensics education","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-officers","display_name":"police officers","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-preparedness","display_name":"professional preparedness","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competency-gaps","display_name":"competency gaps","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-training","display_name":"police training","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-agencies","display_name":"law enforcement agencies","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-cooperation","display_name":"cross-border cooperation","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-of-the-czech-republic","display_name":"Czech Police","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781357168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276084","display_name":"Digital evidence","level":3,"score":0.8305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777842544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056","display_name":"Czech","level":2,"score":0.7494999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6913999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556601545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878553","display_name":"Computer forensics","level":3,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779453331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460336","display_name":"State police","level":3,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776876444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845200","display_name":"Crime analysis","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/cndcgs/article/2488/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202721","display_name":"Challenges to national defence in a contemporary geopolitical situation","issn_l":"2538-8959","issn":["2538-8959","2669-2023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/cndcgs.2026.126","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/cndcgs/article/2488/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202721","display_name":"Challenges to national defence in a contemporary geopolitical situation","issn_l":"2538-8959","issn":["2538-8959","2669-2023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204828111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204828111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210322486","https://openalex.org/W4281491863","https://openalex.org/W4308472292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6948681677","https://openalex.org/W2953915235","https://openalex.org/W7164934510","https://openalex.org/W7071832577","https://openalex.org/W7219166045","https://openalex.org/W7203961993","https://openalex.org/W3159541089","https://openalex.org/W4403252547","https://openalex.org/W4220926621","https://openalex.org/W7122451524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,86,100,138,164],"study":[1,165],"aims":[2],"to":[3,10,18,32,112],"analyse":[4],"the":[5,26,37,40,44,47,53,71,74,78,81,130,145],"ability":[6],"of":[7,28,39,46,50,70,73,80,84,97,110,120,132,147],"police":[8,16,45,79,178],"officers":[9],"work":[11],"with":[12],"digital":[13,29,113,153,172],"evidence":[14,114],"in":[15,25,66,102,152,174],"practice,":[17],"identify":[19],"current":[20],"systemic":[21],"and":[22,31,43,77,93,129,135,159,176],"competency-related":[23],"weaknesses":[24],"field":[27],"forensics,":[30],"compare":[33],"their":[34],"manifestations":[35],"within":[36,52,155],"Police":[38,72],"Czech":[41,75,175],"Republic":[42,76],"Free":[48,82],"State":[49,83],"Saxony":[51],"DiForPol":[54],"project.":[55],"A":[56],"quantitative":[57],"questionnaire":[58],"survey":[59],"was":[60],"conducted":[61],"via":[62],"an":[63,141],"online":[64],"platform":[65],"parallel":[67],"among":[68],"members":[69],"Saxony.":[85],"data":[87,170],"were":[88],"analysed":[89],"using":[90],"descriptive":[91],"statistics":[92],"qualitative":[94],"content":[95],"analysis":[96],"open-ended":[98],"responses.":[99],"results":[101],"both":[103],"national":[104],"samples":[105],"confirm":[106],"a":[107,116,123,148],"high":[108],"level":[109,119],"exposure":[111],"alongside":[115],"limited":[117],"self-assessed":[118],"professional":[121],"preparedness,":[122],"strong":[124],"demand":[125],"for":[126,144,160],"systematic":[127,167],"training,":[128],"persistence":[131],"technical,":[133],"organisational,":[134],"capacity-related":[136],"barriers.":[137],"findings":[139],"provide":[140],"empirical":[142,169],"basis":[143],"development":[146],"harmonised":[149],"educational":[150],"framework":[151],"forensics":[154,173],"law":[156],"enforcement":[157],"agencies":[158],"strengthening":[161],"cross-border":[162],"cooperation.":[163],"provides":[166],"comparative":[168],"on":[171],"Saxon":[177],"practice.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}