{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204815534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","title":"Adapting multicomponent tobacco use treatment strategies for implementation in the Lebanese primary healthcare system: a mixed-methods study","display_name":"Adapting multicomponent tobacco use treatment strategies for implementation in the Lebanese primary healthcare system: a mixed-methods study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204815534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674794","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13536071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043563574","display_name":"Dima S. Bteddini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dima S. Bteddini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092992172","display_name":"Catherine El Ashkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-8362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-8362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine El Ashkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073902602","display_name":"Ruba Abla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-5351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-5351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruba Abla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018089382","display_name":"Magda K. Schmitzberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-8584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-8584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magda Montague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-8584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027277468","display_name":"Lama El Kadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lama El Kadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021517178","display_name":"Tamar Kabakian\u2010Khasholian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-5483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-5483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamar Kabakian-Khasholian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Promotion and Community Health Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413485","display_name":"Ji\u2010Hyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5150","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039331","display_name":"UF Health Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044vhe029","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4390039331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Cancer Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Cancer Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4390039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052153445","display_name":"Ryan P. Theis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-6999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-6999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Theis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092272439","display_name":"Jihan Khaywa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104580","display_name":"American University of Beirut Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmm6v75","country_code":"LB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihan Khaywa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056597107","display_name":"Derek M. Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039331","display_name":"UF Health Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044vhe029","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4390039331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Cancer Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Cancer Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4390039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063347956","display_name":"Randa Sami Hamadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-9750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-9750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097567","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjy0847","country_code":"LB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097567"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randa S Hamadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Primary Healthcare Department, Lebanon Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primary Healthcare Department, Lebanon Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081673186","display_name":"Kenneth Daniel Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-538X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-538X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Population Health, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Population Health, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089604398","display_name":"Mona H. Osman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-6541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-6541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104580","display_name":"American University of Beirut Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmm6v75","country_code":"LB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona H Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062519188","display_name":"Donna Shelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-2577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-2577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donna R Shelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Center for Implementation Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Center for Implementation Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012884798","display_name":"Maya Romani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-0128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104580","display_name":"American University of Beirut Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmm6v75","country_code":"LB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Romani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025685233","display_name":"Rima T Nakkash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-5591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-5591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rima Nakkash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global and Community Health Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global and Community Health Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024740547","display_name":"Ramzi George Salloum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-2418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-2418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramzi G Salloum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-2418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073074561","display_name":"Jennifer H. LeLaurin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-723X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-723X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer H LeLaurin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073074561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61078333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"e120118","last_page":"e120118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-dependence-treatment","display_name":"tobacco dependence treatment","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-adaptation","display_name":"implementation adaptation","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicomponent-intervention","display_name":"multicomponent intervention","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-replacement-therapy","display_name":"nicotine replacement therapy","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-referral","display_name":"mental health referral","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-framework-convention-on-tobacco-control","display_name":"Framework Convention on Tobacco Control","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanon","display_name":"Lebanon","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.7850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780478649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189783","display_name":"Nicotine replacement therapy","level":3,"score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5784000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Integrative medicine","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62724370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7811505","display_name":"Tobacco harm reduction","level":4,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000092843","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007861","descriptor_name":"Lebanon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016540","descriptor_name":"Smoking Cessation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017144","descriptor_name":"Focus Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020340","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Use Cessation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13536071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674794/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13536071/pdf/bmjopen-16-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42674794","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ open","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:263e55417d704fb1a87cbcb4a3e80bd2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/263e55417d704fb1a87cbcb4a3e80bd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open, Vol 16, Iss 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000883870","display_name":"Phone Enabled Implementation of Cessation Support (PHOENICS)","funder_award_id":"R01CA262319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204815534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204815534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1785656757","https://openalex.org/W1994526997","https://openalex.org/W2036414828","https://openalex.org/W2118935571","https://openalex.org/W2145824848","https://openalex.org/W2148690562","https://openalex.org/W2172909591","https://openalex.org/W2604860225","https://openalex.org/W2726765662","https://openalex.org/W2795633376","https://openalex.org/W2807097728","https://openalex.org/W2896682888","https://openalex.org/W2898500864","https://openalex.org/W2947829218","https://openalex.org/W2948736612","https://openalex.org/W2964206076","https://openalex.org/W2975832753","https://openalex.org/W3012946846","https://openalex.org/W3042489844","https://openalex.org/W3083784100","https://openalex.org/W3109076293","https://openalex.org/W3161986393","https://openalex.org/W4205939476","https://openalex.org/W4214894708","https://openalex.org/W4214902964","https://openalex.org/W4254057496","https://openalex.org/W4281667836","https://openalex.org/W4290879685","https://openalex.org/W4306406707","https://openalex.org/W4309855331","https://openalex.org/W4362520548","https://openalex.org/W4366816150","https://openalex.org/W4380988228","https://openalex.org/W4382139153","https://openalex.org/W4402926640","https://openalex.org/W4405507102","https://openalex.org/W4408175929","https://openalex.org/W4408186992","https://openalex.org/W4414853139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167486004","https://openalex.org/W4382139153","https://openalex.org/W6921050244","https://openalex.org/W2791124602","https://openalex.org/W2496588548","https://openalex.org/W2581045802","https://openalex.org/W3199105376","https://openalex.org/W7161605049","https://openalex.org/W3201068134","https://openalex.org/W36126644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Tobacco":[1,33],"use":[2],"treatment":[3],"(TUT)":[4],"remains":[5],"largely":[6],"absent":[7],"from":[8],"Lebanon's":[9,56],"primary":[10,57,93,299],"healthcare":[11,58,78,94,300],"system,":[12],"even":[13],"though":[14],"smoking":[15],"prevalence":[16],"ranks":[17],"among":[18],"the":[19,22,28,46,112,195,237,274],"highest":[20],"in":[21,132,191,211,269],"region.":[23],"Although":[24],"Lebanon":[25,270],"has":[26,36],"ratified":[27],"WHO":[29],"Framework":[30,113],"Convention":[31],"on":[32,236],"Control,":[34],"TUT":[35,51,296],"not":[37],"been":[38],"integrated":[39],"into":[40],"routine":[41],"care.":[42],"This":[43,282],"study":[44,284],"describes":[45],"adaptation":[47],"of":[48,91,163,176,182,199,239,280,288],"evidence-based,":[49],"phone-delivered":[50],"strategies":[52,265],"for":[53,114,225,297],"integration":[54],"within":[55],"network.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"We":[61,108],"conducted":[62],"an":[63,286],"explanatory":[64],"sequential":[65],"mixed-methods":[66],"study.":[67],"Data":[68],"sources":[69],"included":[70,151,204],"surveys":[71],"(n=107)":[72],"and":[73,88,101,117,141,143,178,188,197,220,232,252,256,277],"semistructured":[74],"interviews":[75],"(n=24)":[76],"with":[77,83,245],"providers,":[79],"focus":[80],"group":[81],"discussions":[82],"patients":[84,193],"who":[85],"smoke":[86],"(n=61)":[87],"workflow":[89],"assessments":[90],"24":[92],"centres.":[95],"Quantitative":[96],"data":[97,103],"were":[98,125],"analysed":[99],"descriptively,":[100],"qualitative":[102],"underwent":[104],"rapid":[105],"framework":[106],"analysis.":[107],"coded":[109],"adaptations":[110],"using":[111],"Reporting":[115],"Adaptations":[116,124,203],"Modifications":[118],"to":[119,158,184,208,249,259,266,272,293],"Evidence-based":[120],"Interventions":[121],"(FRAME).":[122],"RESULTS:":[123],"informed":[126],"by":[127],"contextual":[128,267],"determinants,":[129],"including":[130],"gaps":[131],"electronic":[133,212],"health":[134,139,213,229],"record":[135,214],"infrastructure,":[136],"patients'":[137],"mental":[138,228],"needs,":[140],"misconceptions":[142],"social":[144],"norms":[145],"surrounding":[146],"waterpipe":[147,240],"use.":[148],"Additional":[149],"considerations":[150],"provider-level":[152],"constraints,":[153],"such":[154],"as":[155],"limited":[156,169],"time":[157],"promote":[159],"tobacco":[160],"cessation":[161,170,186],"(47%":[162],"providers":[164],"reported":[165,173,180],"having":[166],"sufficient":[167,174],"time),":[168],"training":[171],"(42%":[172],"knowledge":[175,181],"pharmacotherapy":[177],"15%":[179],"how":[183],"prescribe":[185],"medications)":[187],"low":[189],"confidence":[190],"counselling":[192,234],"about":[194],"risks":[196],"benefits":[198],"these":[200],"medications":[201],"(50%).":[202],"adding":[205],"paper-based":[206],"reminders":[207],"address":[209],"variability":[210],"systems;":[215],"providing":[216],"concise,":[217],"role-specific":[218],"materials":[219,258],"nicotine":[221,243,246],"replacement":[222],"therapy":[223],"guidance":[224],"providers;":[226],"incorporating":[227],"referral":[230],"pathways":[231],"strengthening":[233],"content":[235],"harms":[238],"use;":[241],"substituting":[242],"patches":[244],"gum":[247],"due":[248],"product":[250],"availability;":[251],"developing":[253],"instructional":[254],"videos":[255],"self-help":[257],"support":[260],"implementation.":[261],"CONCLUSIONS:":[262],"Tailoring":[263],"implementation":[264],"realities":[268],"aimed":[271],"improve":[273],"relevance,":[275],"feasibility":[276],"potential":[278],"uptake":[279],"TUT.":[281],"formative":[283],"provides":[285],"example":[287],"a":[289],"data-driven,":[290],"stakeholder-engaged":[291],"approach":[292],"adapting":[294],"evidence-based":[295],"low-resource":[298],"settings.":[301],"TRIAL":[302],"REGISTRATION":[303],"NUMBER:":[304],"NCT05628389.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
