{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204809546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","title":"Diagnostic Performance of Qualitative EBUS Elastography in Mediastinal Lymph Node Evaluation","display_name":"Diagnostic Performance of Qualitative EBUS Elastography in Mediastinal Lymph Node Evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204809546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9917223/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9917223/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026536105","display_name":"Mustafa Erelel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-8734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-8734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"mustafa erelel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054769824","display_name":"Emine Bensu Erdemir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"emine bensu erdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148796429","display_name":"Ulku ardil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulku ardil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061154746","display_name":"Gudrat Badalov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gudrat Badalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029400962","display_name":"Halim \u0130\u015fsever","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-706X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-706X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"halim Issever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104113236","display_name":"Mesude Yasemin \u00d6zl\u00fck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"mesude yasemin ozluk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011894594","display_name":"Do\u011fu Vurall\u0131 Bakkalo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-0100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-0100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"dogu bakkaloglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033826718","display_name":"G\u00f6rkem Durak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-1955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-1955","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-876X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"gorkem durak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediastinal-lymph-nodes","display_name":"mediastinal lymph nodes","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilar-lymph-nodes","display_name":"hilar lymph nodes","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymph-node-malignancy","display_name":"lymph node malignancy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-staging","display_name":"lung cancer staging","score":0.9070000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.7335000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779961022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916248","display_name":"Mediastinoscopy","level":3,"score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780849966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170758","display_name":"Lymph node","level":2,"score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780379385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916209","display_name":"Mediastinal lymph node","level":4,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779720271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179422","display_name":"Lymph","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779126056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337247","display_name":"Mediastinum","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777690781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324974","display_name":"Elastography","level":3,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020762335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Endobronchial ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53789813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553769","display_name":"Positive predicative value","level":3,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127077266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488638","display_name":"PET-CT","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9917223/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9917223/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9917223/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204809546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204809546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031300874","https://openalex.org/W2058839291","https://openalex.org/W2140609321","https://openalex.org/W2186136916","https://openalex.org/W2274917380","https://openalex.org/W2735673982","https://openalex.org/W2742233617","https://openalex.org/W2805753071","https://openalex.org/W2806882490","https://openalex.org/W2918583751","https://openalex.org/W2947231191","https://openalex.org/W4236420271","https://openalex.org/W4381951191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991038649","https://openalex.org/W2400390053","https://openalex.org/W2904876936","https://openalex.org/W2274917380","https://openalex.org/W1881990655","https://openalex.org/W4381623162","https://openalex.org/W2989722774","https://openalex.org/W2601591386","https://openalex.org/W3002878243","https://openalex.org/W2303592091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background/Purpose:":[1],"Accurate":[2],"assessment":[3,41],"of":[4,42,95,120,205,239],"mediastinal":[5,58,240],"lymph":[6,61,122,241],"node":[7,78,132],"malignancy":[8,44],"is":[9,252],"essential":[10],"for":[11,39,184],"lung":[12],"cancer":[13],"staging.":[14],"Current":[15],"methods,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,88,181],"positron":[19],"emission":[20],"tomography/computed":[21],"tomography":[22],"(PET-CT)":[23],"or":[24,50,151],"invasive":[25,51],"sampling,":[26],"have":[27],"limitations":[28],"and":[29,59,74,81,103,108,163,202,225,243],"risks.":[30],"Qualitative":[31],"EBUS":[32],"elastography":[33],"(QEE)":[34],"may":[35],"offer":[36],"an":[37,137,203],"alternative":[38],"real-time":[40],"nodal":[43],"without":[45],"requiring":[46],"expensive":[47],"quantitative":[48],"tools":[49],"procedures.":[52],"Methods":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"retrospective":[56],"study,":[57],"hilar":[60],"nodes":[62,123,143,153,173,213,227,242],"were":[63,84,128,166],"assessed":[64],"using":[65,99],"QEE":[66,96,186,231],"features:":[67],"Izumo":[68,138],"stiffness":[69,139,148],"score,":[70],"intranodal":[71],"color":[72],"heterogeneity,":[73],"contour":[75,164],"irregularity.":[76],"Lymph":[77],"characteristics,":[79],"PET-CT,":[80],"mediastinoscopy":[82],"findings":[83,220],"recorded.":[85],"Histopathology":[86],"served":[87],"the":[89,109,112,182,237],"reference":[90],"standard.":[91],"The":[92],"diagnostic":[93],"performance":[94],"was":[97],"evaluated":[98],"sensitivity,":[100,189],"specificity,":[101,191],"positive":[102,193],"negative":[104,197],"predictive":[105,194,198],"values,":[106],"accuracy,":[107,201],"area":[110],"under":[111],"receiver":[113],"operating":[114],"characteristic":[115],"curve.":[116],"Results":[117],"A":[118],"total":[119],"237":[121],"with":[124],"definitive":[125],"histopathological":[126],"diagnoses":[127],"included.":[129],"No":[130],"malignant":[131,172,212],"(n":[133],"=":[134],"98)":[135],"showed":[136,146,208],"score-1":[140],"pattern.":[141],"Malignant":[142],"more":[144,169],"frequently":[145],"score-3":[147],"than":[149],"benign":[150,222],"granulomatous":[152,226],"(79/98":[154],"vs":[155,157],"12/107":[156],"6/32,":[158],"p":[159,175],"<":[160,176],"0.001).Internal":[161],"heterogeneity":[162],"irregularity":[165],"also":[167,217],"significantly":[168],"common":[170],"in":[171,211,221],"(both":[174],"0.001).":[177],"Using":[178],"score":[179],"3":[180],"cutoff":[183],"malignancy,":[185],"achieved":[187],"80.6%":[188],"87.1%":[190],"81.4%":[192],"value,":[195,199],"86.4%":[196],"84.4%":[200],"AUC":[204],"0.818.":[206],"PET-CT":[207,250],"high":[209],"sensitivity":[210],"(88/98,":[214],"89.8%)":[215],"but":[216],"frequent":[218],"false-positive":[219],"(40/107,":[223],"37.4%)":[224],"(25/32,":[228],"78.1%).":[229],"Conclusion":[230],"has":[232],"significant":[233],"potential":[234],"to":[235,244],"improve":[236],"characterization":[238],"inform":[245],"biopsy":[246],"decisions,":[247],"particularly":[248],"when":[249],"specificity":[251],"limited.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
