{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204805200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","title":"BQEB: A Reproducibility-First Architecture for Modular Energy AI Benchmarking","display_name":"BQEB: A Reproducibility-First Architecture for Modular Energy AI Benchmarking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204805200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.63412/8cwwr131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","pdf_url":"https://ijgis.org/home/article/download/82/45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042726","display_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions (IJGIS)","issn_l":"2998-2251","issn":["2998-2251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210125483","host_organization_name":"The New World Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ijgis.org/home/article/download/82/45","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133706693","display_name":"Rakesh Kumar Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7113-5539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7113-5539"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Kumar Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7113-5539","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133706693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58388836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"benchmarking","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-execution","display_name":"deterministic execution","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/version-control","display_name":"version control","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-governance","display_name":"research governance","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-tracking","display_name":"citation tracking","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8468000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6952999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6564000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53619493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787093","display_name":"Architecture framework","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.63412/8cwwr131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","pdf_url":"https://ijgis.org/home/article/download/82/45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042726","display_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions (IJGIS)","issn_l":"2998-2251","issn":["2998-2251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210125483","host_organization_name":"The New World Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.2262.v2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22291929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22291929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22291929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22291930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22291930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22291930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.63412/8cwwr131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63412/8cwwr131","pdf_url":"https://ijgis.org/home/article/download/82/45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042726","display_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions (IJGIS)","issn_l":"2998-2251","issn":["2998-2251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210125483","host_organization_name":"The New World Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204805200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204805200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2766945679","https://openalex.org/W2795038878","https://openalex.org/W2803609932","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W4290635377","https://openalex.org/W4306173528","https://openalex.org/W4366340866","https://openalex.org/W7155416828","https://openalex.org/W7161608256","https://openalex.org/W7171708203","https://openalex.org/W7172097916","https://openalex.org/W7172329926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7141454031","https://openalex.org/W7202024654","https://openalex.org/W7150113548","https://openalex.org/W7203652157","https://openalex.org/W7161706840","https://openalex.org/W7202183450","https://openalex.org/W7101660199","https://openalex.org/W7168695879","https://openalex.org/W4417291559","https://openalex.org/W7117975742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reproducibility":[0,59,95,149],"in":[1],"applied":[2],"energy":[3,66],"AI":[4,67],"research":[5,254],"depends":[6,18],"on":[7,19,98],"more":[8],"than":[9,52,242],"a":[10,14,24,46,61,84,94,107,117,238,253],"public":[11],"dataset":[12],"or":[13,210],"published":[15,137,228],"benchmark:":[16],"it":[17,236,244],"whether":[20,31,38],"the":[21,57,140,147,152,231,249,267],"software":[22],"producing":[23],"benchmark\u2019s":[25],"numbers":[26],"can":[27,48,257],"be":[28,49,258],"independently":[29,173],"re-run,":[30],"artifacts":[32,256],"are":[33,41],"versioned":[34],"and":[35,37,92,103,113,116,126,198,261],"checksummed,":[36,260],"governance":[39,239],"practices":[40],"documented":[42],"well":[43],"enough":[44],"that":[45],"discrepancy":[47,225],"found":[50],"rather":[51,241],"concealed.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55,271],"presents":[56],"BQEB":[58,132,148],"Architecture,":[60],"modular":[62],"research-artifact":[63],"framework":[64],"for":[65,263],"research,":[68],"now":[69],"formally":[70],"released":[71],"as":[72,208,215,237],"an":[73,104,221],"independent,":[74],"citable":[75],"artifact":[76],"(DOI:":[77,134],"10.5281/zenodo.22291930).":[78],"The":[79,246],"architecture":[80,250],"comprises":[81],"four":[82],"layers:":[83],"Research":[85],"Artifact":[86],"Layer":[87,96,110,120],"connecting":[88],"manuscripts,":[89],"datasets,":[90],"models,":[91],"experiments;":[93],"built":[97],"deterministic":[99,159],"execution,":[100],"checksummed":[101],"artifacts,":[102],"evidence":[105,268],"registry;":[106],"Benchmark":[108],"Evolution":[109],"supporting":[111],"extensions":[112],"comparative":[114],"studies;":[115],"Scientific":[118],"Lineage":[119],"maintaining":[121],"citation":[122],"tracking,":[123],"version":[124],"management,":[125],"DOI":[127],"separation":[128],"across":[129],"related":[130],"artifacts.":[131],"ForecastBench":[133],"10.5281/zenodo.21735978),":[135],"previously":[136],"standalone,":[138],"is":[139,248],"first":[141,203],"validated":[142],"benchmark":[143,233],"implementation":[144],"developed":[145],"within":[146],"Architecture\u2014built":[150],"using":[151],"framework,":[153],"not":[154,213],"identical":[155],"to":[156],"it.":[157],"Within-environment":[158],"execution":[160],"has":[161,178],"been":[162,179],"verified":[163],"through":[164],"15":[165],"real":[166,188],"executions":[167],"(3":[168],"seeds":[169],"\u00d7":[170],"5":[171],"repeats,":[172],"re-confirmed":[174],"twice);":[175],"checksummed-artifact":[176],"verification":[177],"executed":[180],"against":[181],"this":[182,201,270],"program\u2019s":[183,255],"own":[184],"engineering":[185],"files,":[186],"with":[187],"tamper-detection":[189],"confirmed.":[190],"Cross-environment":[191],"reproducibility,":[192],"statistical":[193],"significance":[194],"of":[195,230],"model":[196],"comparisons,":[197],"extensibility":[199],"beyond":[200],"architecture\u2019s":[202],"module":[204],"remain":[205],"explicitly":[206],"disclosed":[207],"pending":[209],"future":[211],"work,":[212],"claimed":[214],"validated.":[216],"Where":[217],"internal":[218],"audit":[219],"identified":[220],"unresolved":[222],"issue\u2014a":[223],"numerical":[224],"between":[226],"two":[227],"versions":[229],"same":[232],"result\u2014we":[234],"document":[235],"case":[240],"resolving":[243],"here.":[245],"contribution":[247],"itself:":[251],"how":[252],"structured,":[259],"tracked":[262],"independent":[264],"verification,":[265],"at":[266],"tier":[269],"actually":[272],"supports.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}