{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204802473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","title":"Acute Toxicity (LD50) Profile of Ethanol Extracts of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica), Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus), and Their Combination in Wistar Rats","display_name":"Acute Toxicity (LD50) Profile of Ethanol Extracts of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica), Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus), and Their Combination in Wistar Rats","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204802473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54117/00pqy306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/toxicology/index.php/ijt/article/download/25/25","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051588","display_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","issn_l":"3115-5413","issn":["3115-5413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/toxicology/index.php/ijt/article/download/25/25","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149439169","display_name":"Chinyere Stella Nwaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121708413","display_name":"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University","ror":"https://ror.org/018ze3r73","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121708413"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chinyere Stella Nwaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121708413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5149439169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121708413"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4441,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99269861,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"191","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12657","display_name":"Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12657","display_name":"Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12756","display_name":"Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chia-seeds","display_name":"Salvia hispanica","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyperus-esculentus","display_name":"Cyperus esculentus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-oral-toxicity","display_name":"acute oral toxicity","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ld50","display_name":"LD50","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-extract","display_name":"ethanol extract","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-assessment","display_name":"safety assessment","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91451191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935697","display_name":"Tiger","level":2,"score":0.8741000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116263406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299024","display_name":"Acute toxicity","level":3,"score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206391251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186738","display_name":"Nut","level":2,"score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.7127000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167552308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711849","display_name":"Median lethal dose","level":3,"score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777544843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21136","display_name":"Lethal dose","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79410662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Dose\u2013response relationship","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019361228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral dose","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909743892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81671","display_name":"Brazil nut","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019987054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Dose dependence","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149857219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5239054","display_name":"Effective dose (radiation)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987526018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213449","display_name":"Food consumption","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54117/00pqy306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/toxicology/index.php/ijt/article/download/25/25","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051588","display_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","issn_l":"3115-5413","issn":["3115-5413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54117/00pqy306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/00pqy306","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/toxicology/index.php/ijt/article/download/25/25","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051588","display_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","issn_l":"3115-5413","issn":["3115-5413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Journal of Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204802473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204802473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979242354","https://openalex.org/W2904380300","https://openalex.org/W3112388629","https://openalex.org/W4412196931","https://openalex.org/W4414093155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7207687780","https://openalex.org/W4387865371","https://openalex.org/W2116940438","https://openalex.org/W1955494232","https://openalex.org/W7155081539","https://openalex.org/W7207844876","https://openalex.org/W2512580910","https://openalex.org/W7207804142","https://openalex.org/W7207829250","https://openalex.org/W4323022833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chia":[0],"seed":[1,139,168],"(Salvia":[2],"hispanica)":[3],"and":[4,50,82,90,118,170,219,247,260,271],"tiger":[5,48,141,180,245],"nut":[6,142,181],"(Cyperus":[7],"esculentus)":[8],"are":[9,250],"increasingly":[10],"explored":[11],"as":[12,264],"plant-based":[13],"dietary":[14],"interventions":[15],"for":[16,93,137,253,279],"the":[17,25,37,149,160,166,171,184,220,257,269,285],"management":[18,286],"of":[19,28,42,45,79,87,115,153,165,198,223,242,287],"diabetes":[20],"mellitus,":[21],"but":[22],"data":[23],"on":[24],"acute":[26,38],"safety":[27,277],"their":[29,51,145,248,262,280],"combined":[30,172],"use":[31],"remain":[32],"scarce.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"evaluated":[36],"oral":[39,77,254],"toxicity":[40,199,273],"(LD50)":[41],"ethanol":[43,240],"extracts":[44,226,241],"chia":[46,138,167,243],"seed,":[47,244],"nut,":[49,246],"combination":[52,249],"in":[53,64,100,202,284],"male":[54],"Wistar":[55],"rats":[56,70,109],"using":[57,107],"Lorke's":[58],"method.":[59],"Toxicity":[60],"testing":[61],"was":[62,105,209],"conducted":[63,106],"two":[65],"phases.":[66],"In":[67],"Phase":[68,101,103],"I,":[69,102],"(n":[71],"=":[72],"3":[73],"per":[74,110],"group)":[75],"received":[76],"doses":[78,114,258],"10,":[80],"100,":[81],"1000":[83],"mg/kg":[84,120,155,233],"body":[85,121,156,234],"weight":[86],"each":[88],"extract":[89,169,173,182],"were":[91,131,200],"observed":[92,201],"24":[94],"hours.":[95,128],"Since":[96,205],"no":[97,191,206],"mortality":[98],"occurred":[99],"II":[104],"single":[108],"group":[111],"administered":[112,159],"higher":[113],"1600,":[116],"2900,":[117],"5000":[119,154,232],"weight,":[122],"with":[123],"observation":[124],"extended":[125],"to":[126,148,230,268],"72":[127],"No":[129],"deaths":[130],"recorded":[132],"at":[133,183,256],"any":[134,203],"dose":[135,152,162,186,208],"level":[136],"extract,":[140,143],"or":[144,195],"combination,":[146],"up":[147],"highest":[150,161],"tested":[151,259],"weight.":[157,235],"Rats":[158],"(5000":[163],"mg/kg)":[164],"appeared":[174,187],"visibly":[175],"weak,":[176],"while":[177],"those":[178],"given":[179],"same":[185],"only":[188],"slightly":[189],"weak;":[190],"other":[192],"overt":[193],"behavioural":[194],"physical":[196],"signs":[197],"group.":[204],"lethal":[207],"established,":[210],"a":[211,276],"definitive":[212],"LD50":[213,222],"value":[214],"could":[215],"not":[216],"be":[217],"computed,":[218],"practical":[221],"all":[224],"three":[225],"is":[227],"therefore":[228],"considered":[229],"exceed":[231],"These":[236],"findings":[237],"suggest":[238],"that":[239],"relatively":[251],"safe":[252],"consumption":[255],"support":[261],"classification":[263],"practically":[265],"non-toxic":[266],"according":[267],"Hodge":[270],"Sterner":[272],"scale,":[274],"providing":[275],"basis":[278],"further":[281],"pharmacological":[282],"evaluation":[283],"diabetes.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
