{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204802345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","title":"Gender representation and visibility of women in top-rated Netflix original films: A 2025 streaming media analysis","display_name":"Gender representation and visibility of women in top-rated Netflix original films: A 2025 streaming media analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204802345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","pdf_url":"https://www.ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/download/7221/2709","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/download/7221/2709","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148771277","display_name":"Syeda Zehra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syeda Zehra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046850518","display_name":"Maha e Darakshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4480-0225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4480-0225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha E. Darakshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148787521","display_name":"Syeda M. Begum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syeda M. Begum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University-Karachi Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"16","first_page":"112","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.041099999099969864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-representation","display_name":"gender representation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-film","display_name":"women in film","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-equity-and-inclusion","display_name":"diversity, equity, and inclusion","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bechdel-test","display_name":"Bechdel test","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-media","display_name":"streaming media","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility-of-women","display_name":"women's visibility","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.7071999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.705299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.6686000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984776528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equity","level":2,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020234875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260632","display_name":"Media content","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3092681","display_name":"Feminism","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000084803","descriptor_name":"Gender Equity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092783","descriptor_name":"Diversity, Equity, Inclusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009040","descriptor_name":"Motion Pictures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","pdf_url":"https://www.ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/download/7221/2709","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ajrh.info:article/7221","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/view/7221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1118-4841","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ajrh.info:article/7222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/view/7222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1118-4841","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmid:42670786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African journal of reproductive health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:42670791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African journal of reproductive health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i16.10","pdf_url":"https://www.ajrh.info/index.php/ajrh/article/download/7221/2709","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204802345.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204802345.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116498004","https://openalex.org/W2366211224","https://openalex.org/W2974070122","https://openalex.org/W3005296470","https://openalex.org/W3110191348","https://openalex.org/W4309923831","https://openalex.org/W4390071773","https://openalex.org/W4392052741","https://openalex.org/W4400720864","https://openalex.org/W4400900569","https://openalex.org/W4401097410","https://openalex.org/W4401379317","https://openalex.org/W4401469790","https://openalex.org/W4403112154","https://openalex.org/W4404249535","https://openalex.org/W4404650593","https://openalex.org/W4406684047","https://openalex.org/W4415723547","https://openalex.org/W6925471655","https://openalex.org/W7214224747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309923831","https://openalex.org/W7166657619","https://openalex.org/W4408096715","https://openalex.org/W7067250554","https://openalex.org/W7070868769","https://openalex.org/W4405832307","https://openalex.org/W3179419689","https://openalex.org/W4205570137","https://openalex.org/W2191573034","https://openalex.org/W7216199337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,121],"examines":[2],"numerical":[3],"data":[4],"that":[5,81,123],"reflects":[6],"gender":[7,63],"gap":[8],"and":[9,32,55,65,89,99,129,141],"underrepresentation":[10],"of":[11,92,102],"women":[12],"in":[13,36,76,138],"top-rated":[14],"Netflix":[15,28],"Originals":[16],"during":[17],"1st":[18,21],"January":[19],"to":[20,24,61,72,143,145],"December,":[22],"2025":[23],"find":[25,62],"out":[26,101],"if":[27],"follows":[29],"Diversity,":[30],"Equity":[31],"Inclusion":[33],"(DEI)":[34],"pledges":[35],"its":[37],"original":[38],"content.":[39],"We":[40],"conducted":[41],"mixed-method":[42],"analysis":[43,59,68],"on":[44],"the":[45,93,108,116,124,146],"4":[46,103],"shortlisted":[47],"films":[48,94,104],"with":[49],"7.5":[50],"or":[51],"above":[52],"IMDb":[53],"ratings,":[54],"used":[56],"quantitative":[57],"content":[58,67,131],"approach":[60,69],"disparity":[64],"qualitative":[66],"(Bechdel":[70],"Test)":[71],"evaluate":[73],"women's":[74],"representation":[75],"films.":[77],"The":[78,111,120],"study":[79],"found":[80],"men":[82],"dominate":[83],"as":[84],"lead":[85],"actors,":[86],"writers,":[87],"directors":[88],"producers,":[90],"75%":[91],"have":[95],"a":[96],"male-driven":[97],"story,":[98],"3":[100],"do":[105],"not":[106],"pass":[107],"Bechdel":[109],"Test.":[110],"findings":[112],"indicate":[113],"imbalance":[114,150],"within":[115],"selected":[117],"high-rated":[118],"sample.":[119],"argues":[122],"relation":[125],"between":[126],"streaming":[127],"platforms":[128],"diverse":[130],"is":[132],"more":[133],"complex":[134],"than":[135],"they":[136],"present":[137],"their":[139],"discourse":[140],"aims":[142],"contribute":[144],"discussion":[147],"around":[148],"this":[149],"by":[151],"encouraging":[152],"critical":[153],"thinking.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
