{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204797852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","title":"Does genetic liability for autism influence alcohol use?","display_name":"Does genetic liability for autism influence alcohol use?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204797852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153240257","display_name":"Stephanie Page","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067667267","display_name":"Kayleigh Easey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-2915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-2915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayleigh E Easey","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1TU"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-2915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1TU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014409306","display_name":"Felicity Sedgewick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-617X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-617X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felicity Sedgewick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1JA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1JA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023169890","display_name":"Dheeraj Rai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-3523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-3523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheeraj Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032548714","display_name":"Evie Stergiakouli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-0927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-0927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evie Stergiakouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.44920000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-correlation","display_name":"genetic correlation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-randomization","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.8449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24218269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047416","display_name":"Genetic load","level":4,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993137441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28135712","display_name":"Polygenic risk score","level":5,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910888415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autistic traits","level":4,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992519594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870433","display_name":"Genetic model","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67636389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784237","display_name":"Genetic predisposition","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.26.26360336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650072402","https://openalex.org/W1964412419","https://openalex.org/W1994518954","https://openalex.org/W2002212507","https://openalex.org/W2025802167","https://openalex.org/W2098143048","https://openalex.org/W2108322879","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2141265035","https://openalex.org/W2153860431","https://openalex.org/W2161633633","https://openalex.org/W2165322794","https://openalex.org/W2233466805","https://openalex.org/W2255438920","https://openalex.org/W2528302205","https://openalex.org/W2531630191","https://openalex.org/W2559170486","https://openalex.org/W2579779633","https://openalex.org/W2606715471","https://openalex.org/W2723723801","https://openalex.org/W2725988230","https://openalex.org/W2742117056","https://openalex.org/W2770598799","https://openalex.org/W2802814959","https://openalex.org/W2802815532","https://openalex.org/W2818417770","https://openalex.org/W2909648768","https://openalex.org/W2914482125","https://openalex.org/W2928966425","https://openalex.org/W2949275660","https://openalex.org/W3000767966","https://openalex.org/W3012912937","https://openalex.org/W3045441625","https://openalex.org/W3080182863","https://openalex.org/W3088483497","https://openalex.org/W3118713133","https://openalex.org/W3164845562","https://openalex.org/W3180756260","https://openalex.org/W3181406425","https://openalex.org/W3191796027","https://openalex.org/W3193074885","https://openalex.org/W3210223819","https://openalex.org/W3210406414","https://openalex.org/W4205858021","https://openalex.org/W4211103501","https://openalex.org/W4214849391","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4322008792","https://openalex.org/W4402134885","https://openalex.org/W4406346754","https://openalex.org/W4406365831","https://openalex.org/W4410137905","https://openalex.org/W4411908914","https://openalex.org/W4414308365","https://openalex.org/W4414628414","https://openalex.org/W4416774125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416774125","https://openalex.org/W2002212507","https://openalex.org/W11594947","https://openalex.org/W7155033765","https://openalex.org/W4406346754","https://openalex.org/W7033739370","https://openalex.org/W2129959346","https://openalex.org/W2904807824","https://openalex.org/W2911926584","https://openalex.org/W2756027761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"body":[2],"of":[3,66,82,98,149,171,175,201],"research":[4,242],"suggests":[5],"that":[6,36,190],"autistic":[7,213],"individuals":[8],"are":[9],"less":[10],"likely":[11],"to":[12,221,230,244],"drink":[13],"alcohol":[14,26,85,136,161,202],"than":[15],"neurotypicals.":[16],"However,":[17,46,215],"emerging":[18],"studies":[19,35],"support":[20,125],"a":[21,53,64,99,146,172],"link":[22],"between":[23,42,57,102,128],"autism":[24,83,106,132,176,194],"and":[25,69,79,84,107,133,185,240],"use.":[27],"This":[28],"complex":[29],"relationship":[30,56],"is":[31,48,52,188],"also":[32,167],"reflected":[33],"in":[34,211],"have":[37],"examined":[38],"the":[39,43,199,212,231],"genetic":[40,100,103,129,191],"overlap":[41],"two":[44],"traits.":[45],"it":[47],"unclear":[49],"whether":[50],"there":[51],"direct":[54,173],"causal":[55],"them.":[58],"To":[59],"explore":[60],"this,":[61],"we":[62],"applied":[63],"combination":[65],"polygenic":[67,120],"score":[68,91,121],"Mendelian":[70,139,164],"randomisation":[71,140,165],"analyses":[72,93,122,141,166],"using":[73],"publicly":[74],"available":[75],"genome-wide":[76],"summary":[77],"statistics":[78],"phenotypic":[80],"measures":[81],"consumption":[86],"from":[87,119],"UK":[88],"Biobank.":[89],"LD":[90],"regression":[92],"did":[94,123],"not":[95,124,196],"provide":[96],"evidence":[97,144,170],"correlation":[101],"liability":[104,130,192],"for":[105,131,145,183,193],"drinks":[108,178],"consumed":[109,203],"per":[110,179],"week":[111,180],"(r":[112],"g":[113],"=-0.08;":[114],"CI95%=-0.19,":[115],"0.03).":[116],"Further,":[117],"findings":[118,217],"an":[126],"association":[127],"overall":[134,159],"monthly":[135,160],"intake.":[137],"Univariable":[138],"showed":[142,168],"little":[143,169],"total":[147],"effect":[148,174],"autism,":[150],"attention":[151],"deficit":[152],"hyperactivity":[153],"disorder":[154],"(ADHD)":[155],"or":[156],"depression":[157],"on":[158,177],"consumption.":[162],"Multivariable":[163],"when":[181],"controlling":[182],"ADHD":[184],"depression.":[186],"It":[187],"plausible":[189],"does":[195],"directly":[197],"increase":[198],"amount":[200],"but":[204],"instead":[205],"operates":[206],"via":[207],"commonly":[208],"co-occurring":[209],"difficulties":[210],"community.":[214],"our":[216],"may":[218],"be":[219,236],"due":[220],"methodological":[222],"shortcomings,":[223],"including":[224],"weak":[225],"instruments":[226],"biasing":[227],"effects":[228],"towards":[229],"null.":[232],"Consequently,":[233],"results":[234],"should":[235],"interpreted":[237],"with":[238],"caution":[239],"further":[241],"conducted":[243],"address":[245],"these":[246],"issues.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}