{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204785136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","title":"Icariin Induces Autophagy-dependent Apoptosis in FaDu Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","display_name":"Icariin Induces Autophagy-dependent Apoptosis in FaDu Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204785136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21873/anticanres.18344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157347057","display_name":"Anticancer Research","issn_l":"0250-7005","issn":["0250-7005","1791-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800545","host_organization_name":"International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR) Conferences 1997. Athens, Greece. Abstracts","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800545"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR) Conferences 1997. Athens, Greece. Abstracts"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anticancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204785136"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045918855","display_name":"Kyeong\u2010Rok Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-3865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-3865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KYEONG-ROK KANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060244416","display_name":"DO KYUNG KIM","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DO KYUNG KIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064059046","display_name":"HyangI Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-4205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-4205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HYANGI LIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089704428","display_name":"Hong Sung Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-0139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-0139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HONG SUNG CHUN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148784847","display_name":"JAE-SUNG KIM","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAE-SUNG KIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; js_kim@chosun.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; js_kim@chosun.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"9","first_page":"4935","last_page":"4948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14331","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14331","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10587","display_name":"Autophagy in Disease and Therapy","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12582","display_name":"Flavonoids in Medical Research","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icariin","display_name":"icariin","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autophagy","display_name":"autophagy","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fadu-cells","display_name":"FaDu cells","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akt-mtor-signaling-pathway","display_name":"Akt/mTOR signaling","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beclin-1","display_name":"Beclin-1","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lc3","display_name":"LC3","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p62","display_name":"p62","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-3","display_name":"caspase-3","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-adp-ribose-polymerase","display_name":"poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-methyladenine","display_name":"3-methyladenine","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xenograft-tumor-growth","display_name":"xenograft tumor growth","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780685212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5985057","display_name":"Icariin","level":3,"score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6347000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776833033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783924","display_name":"Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma","level":4,"score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776415932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48743","display_name":"Western blot","level":3,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203522944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322","display_name":"Autophagy","level":3,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994460389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681817","display_name":"Epidermoid carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85265743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885458","display_name":"Blot","level":3,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686","display_name":"MTT assay","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781393221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157746","display_name":"Epimedium","level":4,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994491419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681817","display_name":"Squamous carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196795494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1624817","display_name":"TUNEL assay","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077195","descriptor_name":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077195","descriptor_name":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077195","descriptor_name":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001343","descriptor_name":"Autophagy","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005419","descriptor_name":"Flavonoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006258","descriptor_name":"Head and Neck Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006258","descriptor_name":"Head and Neck Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006258","descriptor_name":"Head and Neck Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008819","descriptor_name":"Mice, Nude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023041","descriptor_name":"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049109","descriptor_name":"Cell Proliferation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051057","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058570","descriptor_name":"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21873/anticanres.18344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157347057","display_name":"Anticancer Research","issn_l":"0250-7005","issn":["0250-7005","1791-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800545","host_organization_name":"International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR) Conferences 1997. Athens, Greece. Abstracts","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800545"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR) Conferences 1997. Athens, Greece. Abstracts"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anticancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42674695","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anticancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964731247","https://openalex.org/W4403001731","https://openalex.org/W2954123779","https://openalex.org/W2995940451","https://openalex.org/W1974557415","https://openalex.org/W2416673776","https://openalex.org/W2042170432","https://openalex.org/W3184718508","https://openalex.org/W2922198994","https://openalex.org/W2755140013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND/AIM:":[0],"species":[1],"and":[2,17,45,61,72,86,108,119,149,157,166,179,181,237],"has":[3],"shown":[4],"potential":[5],"antitumor":[6,39,92,228],"effects":[7,13,40,64,229],"in":[8,43,98,186,205,218,230],"multiple":[9],"malignancies.":[10],"However,":[11],"its":[12,62],"on":[14],"human":[15],"head":[16],"neck":[18],"squamous":[19],"cell":[20,68],"carcinoma":[21],"(HNSCC)":[22],"have":[23],"not":[24],"yet":[25],"been":[26],"elucidated.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"the":[29,32,38,48,91,114,129,168,175,182],"aim":[30],"of":[31,41,94,116,131,170,177,184,190,197,211,242],"present":[33],"study":[34],"was":[35,96,238],"to":[36,46],"evaluate":[37],"ICA":[42,95,112,162,212,225,250],"HNSCC":[44],"explore":[47],"associated":[49,239],"signaling":[50,192,244],"pathways.":[51,160],"MATERIALS":[52],"AND":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"FaDu":[55,100,117,133,206,222,231],"cells":[56,118,232],"were":[57,65],"treated":[58],"with":[59,188,221,240],"ICA,":[60],"anticancer":[63],"evaluated":[66],"using":[67,199],"viability,":[69],"apoptosis,":[70],"autophagy,":[71],"protein":[73],"expression":[74,169],"analyses,":[75],"including":[76,124],"MTT":[77],"assay,":[78,85],"flow":[79,138],"cytometry,":[80],"western":[81,142],"blotting,":[82],"caspase":[83],"activity":[84],"immunofluorescence":[87],"staining.":[88],"In":[89,140],"addition,":[90,141],"efficacy":[93],"investigated":[97],"a":[99,254],"xenograft":[101],"mouse":[102],"model":[103],"through":[104,154],"tumor":[105,216],"growth":[106,217],"assessment":[107],"immunohistochemical":[109],"analysis.":[110],"RESULTS:":[111],"reduced":[113],"viability":[115],"induced":[120,163],"marked":[121],"morphological":[122],"alterations,":[123],"nuclear":[125],"condensation.":[126],"It":[127],"increased":[128,146],"proportion":[130],"apoptotic":[132,159],"cells,":[134],"as":[135,253],"determined":[136],"by":[137,174,233],"cytometry.":[139],"blot":[143],"analysis":[144],"showed":[145],"cleaved":[147],"caspase-3":[148],"poly(ADP-ribose)":[150],"polymerase":[151],"(PARP),":[152],"mediated":[153],"both":[155],"intrinsic":[156],"extrinsic":[158],"Furthermore,":[161],"autophagosome":[164],"formation":[165],"modulated":[167],"autophagy-related":[171],"biomarkers,":[172],"characterized":[173],"upregulation":[176],"beclin-1":[178],"LC-3":[180],"downregulation":[183],"p62":[185],"association":[187],"suppression":[189],"Akt/mTOR":[191,243],"pathway.":[193,245],"Moreover,":[194],"pharmacological":[195],"inhibition":[196,241],"autophagy":[198],"3-methyladenine":[200],"significantly":[201],"attenuated":[202],"ICA-induced":[203],"apoptosis":[204,236],"cells.":[207,223],"Finally,":[208],"oral":[209],"administration":[210],"(60":[213],"mg/kg/day)":[214],"suppressed":[215],"animals":[219],"xenografted":[220],"CONCLUSION:":[224],"exerted":[226],"significant":[227],"inducing":[234],"autophagy-mediated":[235],"These":[246],"results":[247],"suggest":[248],"that":[249],"may":[251],"serve":[252],"promising":[255],"therapeutic":[256],"candidate":[257],"for":[258],"HNSCC.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}
