{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204783479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","title":"Lung cancer research: how natural language processing enhances clinical data extraction","display_name":"Lung cancer research: how natural language processing enhances clinical data extraction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204783479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42724610","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13559297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000704375","display_name":"Elisa Daffr\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092774","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Cochin","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph8tk69","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092774","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210124464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135357","display_name":"Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/03gf7z214","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210135357","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Daffr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France","Thoracic Surgery Department, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210092774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135357","https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054966303","display_name":"Marco Alifano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-1037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-1037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092774","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Cochin","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph8tk69","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092774","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210124464"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Alifano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210092774"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039181362","display_name":"Bastien Rance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-1197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-1197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092322","display_name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmms154","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097159","display_name":"Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/00pg5jh14","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102325","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges-Pompidou","ror":"https://ror.org/016vx5156","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210102325","https://openalex.org/I4210120235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastien Rance","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEGP, AP-HP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris; UMRS 1138 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEGP, AP-HP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris; UMRS 1138 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210092322","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210102325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000704375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210092774","https://openalex.org/I4210135357","https://openalex.org/I43406934"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53589441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"835","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"lung cancer","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"natural language processing","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-information-extraction","display_name":"clinical information extraction","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"named entity recognition","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discharge-summaries","display_name":"discharge summaries","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnm-classification","display_name":"TNM classification","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-approach","display_name":"surgical approach","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirometry","display_name":"spirometry","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-localization","display_name":"tumor localization","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redcap","display_name":"REDCap","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91790935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358348","display_name":"Electronic data capture","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777405583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6704277","display_name":"Lung cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13559297","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13559297/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13559297/pdf/jtd-18-08-835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Thorac Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42724610","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42724610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of thoracic disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05787601v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05787601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2026, 18 (8), pp.835-835. ⟨10.21037/jtd-2025-1244⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204783479.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204783479.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992706359","https://openalex.org/W4406061941","https://openalex.org/W3206832250","https://openalex.org/W2989861740","https://openalex.org/W4308325115","https://openalex.org/W4415198590","https://openalex.org/W7171695202","https://openalex.org/W7140120205","https://openalex.org/W7170179465","https://openalex.org/W4379382237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Lung":[1],"cancer":[2,97],"remains":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,26,33,65,92,169,227,239,305],"the":[6,23,27,63,170,237,303],"leading":[7],"causes":[8],"cancer-related":[10],"mortality":[11],"worldwide,":[12],"with":[13],"poor":[14],"survival":[15],"rates":[16],"largely":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,38,56,83,133,149,241,313],"late":[20],"diagnosis":[21],"and":[22,30,41,54,80,106,126,154,189,197,200,212,221,230,252,264,269,281,298,310,319],"aggressive":[24],"nature":[25],"disease.":[28],"Accurate":[29],"efficient":[31],"extraction":[32,103,109,245],"clinical":[34,74,136,243,308],"data":[35,46,75,85,102,140,165,207,216,244,256,282],"is":[36],"critical":[37],"improving":[39],"research":[40,309],"patient":[42,190],"outcomes.":[43],"Traditional":[44],"manual":[45,84,101,147,164],"collection":[47],"methods,":[48],"while":[49],"reliable,":[50],"are":[51],"time":[52],"consuming":[53],"prone":[55],"error.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"study,":[60],"we":[61],"evaluate":[62],"effectiveness":[64],"natural":[66],"language":[67,274],"processing":[68,283],"(NLP)":[69],"techniques":[70],"in":[71,205,307,317],"extracting":[72],"relevant":[73],"from":[76,110],"unstructured":[77],"medical":[78],"records":[79],"compare":[81],"them":[82],"entry.":[86],"Methods:":[87],"We":[88],"analyzed":[89],"a":[90,144,224,293],"cohort":[91],"70":[93],"patients":[94],"undergoing":[95],"lung":[96],"surgery,":[98],"using":[99,104,262],"both":[100,289],"REDCap":[105],"NLP-based":[107],"automated":[108],"discharge":[111],"summaries.":[112],"Our":[113,158,300],"NLP":[114,162,240,260,306],"pipeline":[115],"included":[116],"sentence":[117],"tokenisation,":[118],"negation":[119],"detection,":[120],"dictionary-based":[121],"entity":[122,130],"recognition,":[123],"fuzzy":[124],"matching":[125],"regular":[127,265],"expression-based":[128],"named":[129],"recognition":[131],"(NER)":[132],"capture":[134],"key":[135],"variables.":[137],"The":[138],"extracted":[139],"was":[141],"validated":[142],"against":[143],"senior":[145],"surgeon's":[146],"review":[148],"assess":[150],"precision,":[151],"sensitivity,":[152],"specificity":[153],"overall":[155],"performance.":[156],"Results:":[157],"results":[159],"showed":[160,218],"that":[161],"outperformed":[163],"entry":[166,217],"for":[167,177,195],"most":[168],"metrics":[171],"evaluated,":[172],"achieving":[173],"higher":[174,192,225],"precision":[175],"[100%":[176],"body":[178],"mass":[179],"index":[180],"(BMI),":[181],"Tumor,":[182],"Node,":[183],"Metastasis":[184],"(TNM)":[185],"classification,":[186],"surgical":[187],"approach":[188,287],"weight],":[191],"sensitivity":[193,220],"(100%":[194],"BMI":[196],"TNM":[198],"classification)":[199],"superior":[201],"F1":[202],"scores,":[203],"particularly":[204],"complex":[206],"fields":[208],"such":[209],"as":[210],"spirometry":[211],"tumors":[213],"localization.":[214],"Manual":[215],"lower":[219],"specificity,":[222],"indicating":[223],"rate":[226],"false":[228,231],"negatives":[229],"positives.":[232],"Conclusions:":[233],"These":[234],"findings":[235],"highlight":[236],"potential":[238,312],"improve":[242],"by":[246],"increasing":[247],"efficiency,":[248],"reducing":[249],"human":[250],"error":[251],"providing":[253],"more":[254,271],"comprehensive":[255],"sets.":[257],"While":[258],"traditional":[259],"methods":[261,290],"dictionaries":[263],"expressions":[266],"provide":[267,292],"interpretability":[268],"reliability,":[270],"advanced":[272],"large":[273],"models":[275],"(LLMs)":[276],"could":[277,291],"further":[278],"enhance":[279],"adaptability":[280],"capabilities.":[284],"A":[285],"hybrid":[286],"integrating":[288],"balance":[294],"between":[295],"accuracy,":[296],"efficiency":[297],"scalability.":[299],"study":[301],"highlights":[302],"importance":[304],"its":[311],"refine":[314],"data-driven":[315],"insights":[316],"oncology":[318],"beyond.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00"}